NUR 2063 ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
VERSION 1 2026
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Absence of menstruation.
Answer: Amenorrhea
◉ Hormonal disturbances
Stress
Neoplasms (ovarian, adrenal, pituitary tumors).
Answer: Amenorrhea Causes
◉ Cardiovascular disease
Hypervolemia
Depression.
Answer: Complications of Dialysis
◉ Inflammation of the prostate.
Most common association is E. coli..
Answer: Prostatitis
,◉ Fever
Chills
Tender prostate
Low back pain
Dysuria
Leukocytosis.
Answer: Prostatitis S/S
◉ Urine becomes supersaturated with specific solute that forms crystals.
Crystallization is enhanced when a person is dehydrated or has higher
than normal levels of solute in the urine from excessive secretion
(calcium, uric acid)..
Answer: Renal Calculus Cause
◉ Dull, localized flank pain Acute discomfort accompanied by nausea
and vomiting, diaphoresis (sweating), tachycardia, and tachypnea
(abnormal, rapid breathing) Renal colic (intermittent, sharp pain)
develops as the stone moves to the ureteropelvic junction.
Answer: Renal Calculus S/S
◉ Urinary retention
Obstruction to flow
Decreased stream
Hesitancy; difficulty initiating a stream
Interruption of the stream
, Infection caused by retention.
Answer: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy S/S
◉ "salt-retaining hormone". Steroid that promotes the retention of Na+
by the kidneys. Na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes
a higher blood volume and pressur.
Answer: .Aldosterone
◉ Promotes retention of water by kidneys and increases blood pressure..
Answer: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
◉ Diabetes
Hypertension
Recurrent pyelonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Family history of CKD
Smoking
Age over 65 Ethnicity.
Answer: Chronic Renal Failure Risk Factors
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
VERSION 1 2026
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Absence of menstruation.
Answer: Amenorrhea
◉ Hormonal disturbances
Stress
Neoplasms (ovarian, adrenal, pituitary tumors).
Answer: Amenorrhea Causes
◉ Cardiovascular disease
Hypervolemia
Depression.
Answer: Complications of Dialysis
◉ Inflammation of the prostate.
Most common association is E. coli..
Answer: Prostatitis
,◉ Fever
Chills
Tender prostate
Low back pain
Dysuria
Leukocytosis.
Answer: Prostatitis S/S
◉ Urine becomes supersaturated with specific solute that forms crystals.
Crystallization is enhanced when a person is dehydrated or has higher
than normal levels of solute in the urine from excessive secretion
(calcium, uric acid)..
Answer: Renal Calculus Cause
◉ Dull, localized flank pain Acute discomfort accompanied by nausea
and vomiting, diaphoresis (sweating), tachycardia, and tachypnea
(abnormal, rapid breathing) Renal colic (intermittent, sharp pain)
develops as the stone moves to the ureteropelvic junction.
Answer: Renal Calculus S/S
◉ Urinary retention
Obstruction to flow
Decreased stream
Hesitancy; difficulty initiating a stream
Interruption of the stream
, Infection caused by retention.
Answer: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy S/S
◉ "salt-retaining hormone". Steroid that promotes the retention of Na+
by the kidneys. Na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes
a higher blood volume and pressur.
Answer: .Aldosterone
◉ Promotes retention of water by kidneys and increases blood pressure..
Answer: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
◉ Diabetes
Hypertension
Recurrent pyelonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Family history of CKD
Smoking
Age over 65 Ethnicity.
Answer: Chronic Renal Failure Risk Factors
