NUR 635 MIDTERM LEARNING WORKBOOK
2026 PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS AND DRUG
CLASSIFICATIONS
◉ The route of administration with highest bioavailability.
Answer: intravenous
◉ steady state (SS) is reached in what time frame.
Answer: 4-5 half lives of a drug
◉ zero order (non-linear) pharmacokinetics.
Answer: drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
◉ Steps of drug development.
Answer: phase 1 preclinical research with animal testing
phase 2 human subjects for med safety
Phase 3 humans comparing drug to accepted meds or placebo
FDA review of results
post-marketing study
,◉ Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MOA.
Answer: lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of
angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent
vasoconstrictor)
◉ ACEIs ending.
Answer: -pril
◉ Important side effects of ACEIs (2).
Answer: cough, angioedema
◉ ARBs end in?.
Answer: -sartan
◉ ARBs MOA.
Answer: Block angiotensin-2 type 1 receptors (AT1 receptor)
Decrease BP via arteriolar and venous dilation
Block aldosterone secretion (decreased Na2+ and H2O retention)
Does NOT increase Bradykinin levels
Decrease diabetic nephrotoxicity
◉ % of htn that are essential (primary).
, Answer: 90%
◉ nitrates are contraindicated for pts w/.
Answer: PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil and vardenafil)
◉ Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation results in.
Answer: vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
◉ Alpha 1 adrenergic blockade results in.
Answer: vasodilation and reduced blood pressure
◉ Beta 1 adrenergic stimulation by beta agonists results in.
Answer: increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased
cardiac output
◉ Beta blockers ending.
Answer: -olol
◉ nonselective beta blockers.
Answer: propranolol, timolol, nadolol, pindolol
◉ Selective beta blockers.
2026 PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS AND DRUG
CLASSIFICATIONS
◉ The route of administration with highest bioavailability.
Answer: intravenous
◉ steady state (SS) is reached in what time frame.
Answer: 4-5 half lives of a drug
◉ zero order (non-linear) pharmacokinetics.
Answer: drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
◉ Steps of drug development.
Answer: phase 1 preclinical research with animal testing
phase 2 human subjects for med safety
Phase 3 humans comparing drug to accepted meds or placebo
FDA review of results
post-marketing study
,◉ Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MOA.
Answer: lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of
angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent
vasoconstrictor)
◉ ACEIs ending.
Answer: -pril
◉ Important side effects of ACEIs (2).
Answer: cough, angioedema
◉ ARBs end in?.
Answer: -sartan
◉ ARBs MOA.
Answer: Block angiotensin-2 type 1 receptors (AT1 receptor)
Decrease BP via arteriolar and venous dilation
Block aldosterone secretion (decreased Na2+ and H2O retention)
Does NOT increase Bradykinin levels
Decrease diabetic nephrotoxicity
◉ % of htn that are essential (primary).
, Answer: 90%
◉ nitrates are contraindicated for pts w/.
Answer: PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil and vardenafil)
◉ Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation results in.
Answer: vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
◉ Alpha 1 adrenergic blockade results in.
Answer: vasodilation and reduced blood pressure
◉ Beta 1 adrenergic stimulation by beta agonists results in.
Answer: increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased
cardiac output
◉ Beta blockers ending.
Answer: -olol
◉ nonselective beta blockers.
Answer: propranolol, timolol, nadolol, pindolol
◉ Selective beta blockers.
