NUR 635 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
MIDTERM FINAL PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES VERIFIED GRADED A+
⩥ how to reduce triglyceride levels.
Answer: are most effectively reduced by niacin, fibrates, and omega-3
fatty acids, and slightly by statin drugs (10 to 20%).
⩥ what medication is used during pre-diabetes with high triglycerides
Answer: Metformin is frequently used in 'pre-diabetes' individuals with
high TGs, blood glucose of 110 to 125 mg/dl, sedentary, have low HDL-
C levels, have abdominal obesity, and hypertension
⩥ effectiveness of niacin
Answer: increases blood HDL-C levels approximately 30 to 50% (more
than any other dyslipidemia agent).
⩥ why should caution be used with niacin and diabetes
Answer: Niacin can increase blood glucose levels; caution in patients
with diabetes
⩥ is niacin an OTC agent
,Answer: Niacin is NOT an OTC agent; it is a vitamin supplement, and
not regulated by the FDA (only OTC and prescription drugs are so
regulated by the FDA).
⩥ what does dietary therapy consist of
Answer: enhancing weight loss, monitoring BMI, and treating
dyslipidemia (i.e., lower TC, LDL-C, TGs, and increasing HDL-C).
⩥ what is a baseline
Answer: Measurement taken before initiating treatment
⩥ When should a patient be evaluated after beginning a treatment for
dyslipidiema
Answer: Evaluate the patient at 4 to 6 weeks after starting therapeutic
measures to treat dyslipidemia.
⩥ What does aldosterone do
Answer: increases sodium and water retention, and can cause
hypernatremia
⩥ what does atrial natriuretic peptide do
Answer: works in the kidneys to increase sodium and water excretion.
⩥ what do thiazide diuretics do
,Answer: reduce BP by decreasing sodium and water retention
⩥ How much body weight can a baby lose due body water loss
Answer: A newborn infant can lose almost 5% of its body weight due to
body water loss
⩥ hyperkalemia causes
Answer: may be the result of renal failure and Addison's Disease
⩥ how do you treat hypercalcemia
Answer: treated with calcitonin and pamidronate
⩥ what is kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfate) used for
Answer: used to treat hyperkalemia.
⩥ what is an example of compensatory hyperplasia
Answer: Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is
excised
⩥ What is a major cause of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)
Answer: Hypertension
, ⩥ what does Myocardial tissue action potential involve
Answer: sodium gates opening and allowing sodium to enter the cells
and the membrane potential changes from negative to positive.
⩥ what is the effect when Angiotensin I is activated to angiotensin II
Answer: causes myocardial hypertrophy and results in hypertension
⩥ What is angina caused by
Answer: an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
(ischemia)
⩥ What is class 1 angina
Answer: Proven coronary artery disease without symptoms
⩥ what is class 2 angina
Answer: Mild symptoms: angina and slight limitation during ordinary
activity
⩥ what is class 3 angina
Answer: Marked limitations: angina during less-than-routine physical
activity (walking short distances)
⩥ what is class 4 angina
MIDTERM FINAL PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES VERIFIED GRADED A+
⩥ how to reduce triglyceride levels.
Answer: are most effectively reduced by niacin, fibrates, and omega-3
fatty acids, and slightly by statin drugs (10 to 20%).
⩥ what medication is used during pre-diabetes with high triglycerides
Answer: Metformin is frequently used in 'pre-diabetes' individuals with
high TGs, blood glucose of 110 to 125 mg/dl, sedentary, have low HDL-
C levels, have abdominal obesity, and hypertension
⩥ effectiveness of niacin
Answer: increases blood HDL-C levels approximately 30 to 50% (more
than any other dyslipidemia agent).
⩥ why should caution be used with niacin and diabetes
Answer: Niacin can increase blood glucose levels; caution in patients
with diabetes
⩥ is niacin an OTC agent
,Answer: Niacin is NOT an OTC agent; it is a vitamin supplement, and
not regulated by the FDA (only OTC and prescription drugs are so
regulated by the FDA).
⩥ what does dietary therapy consist of
Answer: enhancing weight loss, monitoring BMI, and treating
dyslipidemia (i.e., lower TC, LDL-C, TGs, and increasing HDL-C).
⩥ what is a baseline
Answer: Measurement taken before initiating treatment
⩥ When should a patient be evaluated after beginning a treatment for
dyslipidiema
Answer: Evaluate the patient at 4 to 6 weeks after starting therapeutic
measures to treat dyslipidemia.
⩥ What does aldosterone do
Answer: increases sodium and water retention, and can cause
hypernatremia
⩥ what does atrial natriuretic peptide do
Answer: works in the kidneys to increase sodium and water excretion.
⩥ what do thiazide diuretics do
,Answer: reduce BP by decreasing sodium and water retention
⩥ How much body weight can a baby lose due body water loss
Answer: A newborn infant can lose almost 5% of its body weight due to
body water loss
⩥ hyperkalemia causes
Answer: may be the result of renal failure and Addison's Disease
⩥ how do you treat hypercalcemia
Answer: treated with calcitonin and pamidronate
⩥ what is kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfate) used for
Answer: used to treat hyperkalemia.
⩥ what is an example of compensatory hyperplasia
Answer: Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is
excised
⩥ What is a major cause of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)
Answer: Hypertension
, ⩥ what does Myocardial tissue action potential involve
Answer: sodium gates opening and allowing sodium to enter the cells
and the membrane potential changes from negative to positive.
⩥ what is the effect when Angiotensin I is activated to angiotensin II
Answer: causes myocardial hypertrophy and results in hypertension
⩥ What is angina caused by
Answer: an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
(ischemia)
⩥ What is class 1 angina
Answer: Proven coronary artery disease without symptoms
⩥ what is class 2 angina
Answer: Mild symptoms: angina and slight limitation during ordinary
activity
⩥ what is class 3 angina
Answer: Marked limitations: angina during less-than-routine physical
activity (walking short distances)
⩥ what is class 4 angina
