CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 14TH
EDITION BY PATRICK J 2026 FINAL PAPER
SOLVED QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY APLUS
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is an Argument?
Answer: An argument, in its most basic form, is a group of
statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to
provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the
conclusion).
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a statement?
Answer: First of all, an argument is a group of statements. A
statement is a sen- tence that is either true or false—in other words,
typically a declarative sentence or a sentence component that could
stand as a declarative sentence.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a Truth Value?
,Answer: Truth and falsity are called the two possible truth values of
a statement. Thus, the truth value of the first two statements is true,
the truth value of the second two is false, and the truth value of the
last statement, as well as that of its components, is true.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are not statements?
Answer: Unlike statements, many sentences cannot be said to be
either true or false. Questions, proposals, suggestions, commands,
and exclamations usually cannot, and so are not usually classified as
statements. The following sentences are not statements:
Where is Khartoum? question
Let's go to a movie tonight. proposal
I suggest you get contact lenses. suggestion
Turn off the TV right now. command
Fantastic! exclamation
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a premise and conclusion?
Answer: The premises are the statements that set forth the reasons
or evidence, and the conclusion is the statement that the evidence is
claimed to support or imply.
,◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are some Conclusion Indicators?
Answer: Some typical conclusion indicators are: therefore,wherefore
,thus ,consequently ,we may infer,
accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so,
entails that, hence, it follows that, implies that, as a result
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are some premise indicators?
Answer: Some typical premise indicators are: since, as indicated by,
because, for, in that, may be inferred from, as, given that, seeing that,
for the reason that, in as much as, owing to
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What must one do when there are no indicator words?
Answer: Some arguments contain no indicators. With these, the
reader/listener must ask such questions as: What single statement
is claimed (implicitly) to follow from the others? What is the arguer
trying to prove? What is the main point in the passage? The answers
to these questions should point to the conclusion.
, ◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What are two conditions must be fulfilled for a passage to purport to
prove something?
Answer: 1. At least one of the statements must claim to present
evidence or reasons.
2. There must be a claim that the alleged evidence supports or
implies something—
that is, a claim that something follows from the alleged evidence or
reasons.
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is a factual claim?
Answer:
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is an inferential claim?
Answer: The inferential claim is simply the claim that the passage
expresses a certain kind of reasoning process—that something
supports or implies something or that something follows from
something.
EDITION BY PATRICK J 2026 FINAL PAPER
SOLVED QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY APLUS
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is an Argument?
Answer: An argument, in its most basic form, is a group of
statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to
provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the
conclusion).
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a statement?
Answer: First of all, an argument is a group of statements. A
statement is a sen- tence that is either true or false—in other words,
typically a declarative sentence or a sentence component that could
stand as a declarative sentence.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a Truth Value?
,Answer: Truth and falsity are called the two possible truth values of
a statement. Thus, the truth value of the first two statements is true,
the truth value of the second two is false, and the truth value of the
last statement, as well as that of its components, is true.
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are not statements?
Answer: Unlike statements, many sentences cannot be said to be
either true or false. Questions, proposals, suggestions, commands,
and exclamations usually cannot, and so are not usually classified as
statements. The following sentences are not statements:
Where is Khartoum? question
Let's go to a movie tonight. proposal
I suggest you get contact lenses. suggestion
Turn off the TV right now. command
Fantastic! exclamation
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What is a premise and conclusion?
Answer: The premises are the statements that set forth the reasons
or evidence, and the conclusion is the statement that the evidence is
claimed to support or imply.
,◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are some Conclusion Indicators?
Answer: Some typical conclusion indicators are: therefore,wherefore
,thus ,consequently ,we may infer,
accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so,
entails that, hence, it follows that, implies that, as a result
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What are some premise indicators?
Answer: Some typical premise indicators are: since, as indicated by,
because, for, in that, may be inferred from, as, given that, seeing that,
for the reason that, in as much as, owing to
◉ 1.1 Basic Concepts
What must one do when there are no indicator words?
Answer: Some arguments contain no indicators. With these, the
reader/listener must ask such questions as: What single statement
is claimed (implicitly) to follow from the others? What is the arguer
trying to prove? What is the main point in the passage? The answers
to these questions should point to the conclusion.
, ◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What are two conditions must be fulfilled for a passage to purport to
prove something?
Answer: 1. At least one of the statements must claim to present
evidence or reasons.
2. There must be a claim that the alleged evidence supports or
implies something—
that is, a claim that something follows from the alleged evidence or
reasons.
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is a factual claim?
Answer:
◉ 1.2 Recognizing Arguments
What is an inferential claim?
Answer: The inferential claim is simply the claim that the passage
expresses a certain kind of reasoning process—that something
supports or implies something or that something follows from
something.
