NUR 265 EXAM 1 ACTUAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
CORE REVIEW
◉ What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?
Answer: -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
◉ In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater
than what?
Answer: 3.5g in 24 hours
◉ What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?
Answer: -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
,-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney
function)
◉ Describe the "risk" stage for AKI
Answer: creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
◉ Describe the "injury" stage for AKI
Answer: creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
◉ Describe the "failure" stage for AKI
Answer: creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
◉ Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.
Answer: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
◉ Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.
, Answer: Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
◉ Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.
Answer: Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
◉ How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Answer: Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
◉ What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?
Answer: 65 mmHg
◉ What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?
Answer: -NSAIDS
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
CORE REVIEW
◉ What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?
Answer: -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
◉ In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater
than what?
Answer: 3.5g in 24 hours
◉ What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?
Answer: -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
,-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney
function)
◉ Describe the "risk" stage for AKI
Answer: creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
◉ Describe the "injury" stage for AKI
Answer: creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
◉ Describe the "failure" stage for AKI
Answer: creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
◉ Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.
Answer: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
◉ Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.
, Answer: Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
◉ Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.
Answer: Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
◉ How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Answer: Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
◉ What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?
Answer: 65 mmHg
◉ What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?
Answer: -NSAIDS
