,NUR 4251 Exam 2 – Dimensions of Public Health
Nursing – Q&A (2026) | William Paterson
1. Which sexually transmitted infection can be prevented through
immunization?
A) Hepatitis B
B) Chlamydia
C) Gonorrhea
D) Herpes
Correct Answer: A) Hepatitis B
Rationale: Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted infection that can be prevented
through immunization. Vaccines for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes are not
yet available. Hepatitis B vaccination is a primary prevention strategy
recommended for infants and at-risk adults.
2. What is the primary reason people do not immediately seek treatment when
first infected with HIV?
A) Fear of positive test results
B) High cost of testing
C) Symptoms resemble flu and are not recognized as HIV
D) Denial of risk
Correct Answer: C) Symptoms resemble flu and are not recognized as HIV
,Rationale: Acute retroviral syndrome causes flu-like symptoms such as fever,
sore throat, and rash. Because these symptoms mimic a common viral illness,
many people do not recognize them as HIV. Antibody testing is often negative at
this stage, further delaying diagnosis.
3. Condoms are most useful in preventing infections transmitted by which
route?
A) Direct skin-to-skin contact
B) Airborne droplets
C) Fecal-oral contamination
D) Mucosal fluids
Correct Answer: D) Mucosal fluids
Rationale: Condoms provide a barrier to mucosal fluids such as semen, vaginal
secretions, and blood, reducing transmission of HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.
They are less effective against infections transmitted by direct skin-to-skin
contact, such as herpes and human papillomavirus.
4. The rise of hospital-acquired infections is associated with which factor?
A) Decreased use of invasive procedures
B) Increased invasive procedures and broad-spectrum antibiotics
C) Improved sanitation
D) Reduced immunosuppressive therapy
Correct Answer: B) Increased invasive procedures and broad-spectrum
antibiotics
, Rationale: Hospital-acquired infections have increased due to more invasive
diagnostic and surgical procedures, broad-spectrum antibiotic use, and
immunosuppressive treatments. These factors create opportunities for resistant
organisms and vulnerable hosts. Infection control practices are essential to
reduce this trend.
5. A public health nurse explains that acute retroviral syndrome following HIV
infection typically presents as which symptom cluster?
A) Jaundice and dark urine
B) Painless genital ulcer
C) Flu-like symptoms including fever, sore throat, and rash
D) Genital warts
Correct Answer: C) Flu-like symptoms including fever, sore throat, and rash
Rationale: Acute retroviral syndrome is the initial stage of HIV infection and
often presents with flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, rash, lethargy,
and muscle pain. These symptoms are nonspecific and may be mistaken for a
cold or flu, delaying HIV testing.
6. Which vaccine prevents a sexually transmitted infection?
A) Hepatitis B vaccine
B) Influenza vaccine
C) Tetanus vaccine
D) Pneumococcal vaccine
Nursing – Q&A (2026) | William Paterson
1. Which sexually transmitted infection can be prevented through
immunization?
A) Hepatitis B
B) Chlamydia
C) Gonorrhea
D) Herpes
Correct Answer: A) Hepatitis B
Rationale: Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted infection that can be prevented
through immunization. Vaccines for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes are not
yet available. Hepatitis B vaccination is a primary prevention strategy
recommended for infants and at-risk adults.
2. What is the primary reason people do not immediately seek treatment when
first infected with HIV?
A) Fear of positive test results
B) High cost of testing
C) Symptoms resemble flu and are not recognized as HIV
D) Denial of risk
Correct Answer: C) Symptoms resemble flu and are not recognized as HIV
,Rationale: Acute retroviral syndrome causes flu-like symptoms such as fever,
sore throat, and rash. Because these symptoms mimic a common viral illness,
many people do not recognize them as HIV. Antibody testing is often negative at
this stage, further delaying diagnosis.
3. Condoms are most useful in preventing infections transmitted by which
route?
A) Direct skin-to-skin contact
B) Airborne droplets
C) Fecal-oral contamination
D) Mucosal fluids
Correct Answer: D) Mucosal fluids
Rationale: Condoms provide a barrier to mucosal fluids such as semen, vaginal
secretions, and blood, reducing transmission of HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.
They are less effective against infections transmitted by direct skin-to-skin
contact, such as herpes and human papillomavirus.
4. The rise of hospital-acquired infections is associated with which factor?
A) Decreased use of invasive procedures
B) Increased invasive procedures and broad-spectrum antibiotics
C) Improved sanitation
D) Reduced immunosuppressive therapy
Correct Answer: B) Increased invasive procedures and broad-spectrum
antibiotics
, Rationale: Hospital-acquired infections have increased due to more invasive
diagnostic and surgical procedures, broad-spectrum antibiotic use, and
immunosuppressive treatments. These factors create opportunities for resistant
organisms and vulnerable hosts. Infection control practices are essential to
reduce this trend.
5. A public health nurse explains that acute retroviral syndrome following HIV
infection typically presents as which symptom cluster?
A) Jaundice and dark urine
B) Painless genital ulcer
C) Flu-like symptoms including fever, sore throat, and rash
D) Genital warts
Correct Answer: C) Flu-like symptoms including fever, sore throat, and rash
Rationale: Acute retroviral syndrome is the initial stage of HIV infection and
often presents with flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, rash, lethargy,
and muscle pain. These symptoms are nonspecific and may be mistaken for a
cold or flu, delaying HIV testing.
6. Which vaccine prevents a sexually transmitted infection?
A) Hepatitis B vaccine
B) Influenza vaccine
C) Tetanus vaccine
D) Pneumococcal vaccine
