,NUR 3280 Exam 4 – Nursing Practice I – Q&A
(2026) | William Paterson
1. The organism most commonly associated with pelvic inflammatory disease is
which of the following?
A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
B) Treponema pallidum
C) Escherichia coli
D) Candida albicans
Correct Answer: A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Rationale: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the organism most commonly associated
with pelvic inflammatory disease. Chlamydia trachomatis is also a common
cause, but gonorrhea is the classic association. Early recognition and treatment
prevent tubal scarring and infertility.
2. A painless ulceration called a chancre is characteristic of which sexually
transmitted infection?
A) Human papillomavirus
B) Syphilis
C) Gonorrhea
D) Chlamydia
Correct Answer: B) Syphilis
,Rationale: A chancre is the primary lesion of syphilis, caused by Treponema
pallidum. It appears as a painless ulcer at the site of inoculation. This
distinguishes syphilis from painful genital lesions of herpes and the discharge of
gonorrhea or chlamydia.
3. Gonorrhea is classified as which type of organism?
A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Virus
C) Gram-negative bacteria
D) Fungus
Correct Answer: C) Gram-negative bacteria
Rationale: Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a Gram-negative
diplococcus. Antibiotic treatment targets this bacterial classification. Knowing
the Gram stain result helps select appropriate antimicrobial therapy and
understand transmission.
4. The sexually transmitted infection characterized by a long asymptomatic
latent phase is which of the following?
A) Gonorrhea
B) Chlamydia
C) Herpes simplex
D) Syphilis
Correct Answer: D) Syphilis
, Rationale: Syphilis has a long asymptomatic latent phase that may last for years
before progressing to tertiary disease. This period is clinically silent but can be
detected with serologic testing. Latent syphilis requires treatment to prevent
late complications.
5. In SIADH, a serum sodium of 125 mEq/L and urine osmolality of 600 mOsm/kg
result from which pathophysiologic mechanism?
A) Impaired renal water excretion due to sustained ADH activity, leading to
water retention and dilution
B) Renal sodium loss due to decreased aldosterone
C) Shift of sodium from extracellular to intracellular space
D) Excessive water intake diluting serum sodium
Correct Answer: A) Impaired renal water excretion due to sustained ADH
activity, leading to water retention and dilution
Rationale: SIADH causes sustained antidiuretic hormone activity, which impairs
renal water excretion. Water retention dilutes serum sodium, producing
dilutional hyponatremia. Urine osmolality is elevated because the kidneys
reabsorb water while sodium is not significantly lost.
6. Chlamydia and gonorrhea may cause which complication in untreated clients?
A) Improved fertility
B) Scarring in the urethra, fallopian tubes, and epididymis
C) Increased tubal patency
D) Reduced pelvic infection risk
(2026) | William Paterson
1. The organism most commonly associated with pelvic inflammatory disease is
which of the following?
A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
B) Treponema pallidum
C) Escherichia coli
D) Candida albicans
Correct Answer: A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Rationale: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the organism most commonly associated
with pelvic inflammatory disease. Chlamydia trachomatis is also a common
cause, but gonorrhea is the classic association. Early recognition and treatment
prevent tubal scarring and infertility.
2. A painless ulceration called a chancre is characteristic of which sexually
transmitted infection?
A) Human papillomavirus
B) Syphilis
C) Gonorrhea
D) Chlamydia
Correct Answer: B) Syphilis
,Rationale: A chancre is the primary lesion of syphilis, caused by Treponema
pallidum. It appears as a painless ulcer at the site of inoculation. This
distinguishes syphilis from painful genital lesions of herpes and the discharge of
gonorrhea or chlamydia.
3. Gonorrhea is classified as which type of organism?
A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Virus
C) Gram-negative bacteria
D) Fungus
Correct Answer: C) Gram-negative bacteria
Rationale: Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a Gram-negative
diplococcus. Antibiotic treatment targets this bacterial classification. Knowing
the Gram stain result helps select appropriate antimicrobial therapy and
understand transmission.
4. The sexually transmitted infection characterized by a long asymptomatic
latent phase is which of the following?
A) Gonorrhea
B) Chlamydia
C) Herpes simplex
D) Syphilis
Correct Answer: D) Syphilis
, Rationale: Syphilis has a long asymptomatic latent phase that may last for years
before progressing to tertiary disease. This period is clinically silent but can be
detected with serologic testing. Latent syphilis requires treatment to prevent
late complications.
5. In SIADH, a serum sodium of 125 mEq/L and urine osmolality of 600 mOsm/kg
result from which pathophysiologic mechanism?
A) Impaired renal water excretion due to sustained ADH activity, leading to
water retention and dilution
B) Renal sodium loss due to decreased aldosterone
C) Shift of sodium from extracellular to intracellular space
D) Excessive water intake diluting serum sodium
Correct Answer: A) Impaired renal water excretion due to sustained ADH
activity, leading to water retention and dilution
Rationale: SIADH causes sustained antidiuretic hormone activity, which impairs
renal water excretion. Water retention dilutes serum sodium, producing
dilutional hyponatremia. Urine osmolality is elevated because the kidneys
reabsorb water while sodium is not significantly lost.
6. Chlamydia and gonorrhea may cause which complication in untreated clients?
A) Improved fertility
B) Scarring in the urethra, fallopian tubes, and epididymis
C) Increased tubal patency
D) Reduced pelvic infection risk
