Page 1 of 87
FOUNDATIONS AND ADULT HEALTH NURSING, 8TH EDITION
(COOPER & GOSNELL) EXAM LATEST VERSION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026 EDITION
FOUNDATIONS AND ADULT HEALTH NURSING, 8TH EDITION (COOPER & GOSNELL)
– 250 EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS WITH RATIONALES
SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (CHAPTERS 1-6) – Questions 1-50
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Nursing (Questions 1-10)
1. The nurse is reviewing the history of nursing with a group of students. Which
individual is credited with establishing the first nursing school based on
educational standards?
A) Clara Barton
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Lillian Wald
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing school based on
educational standards and is considered the founder of modern nursing. Clara Barton
founded the American Red Cross, Dorothea Dix advocated for the mentally ill, and
Lillian Wald established public health nursing.
2. A nurse is explaining the role of the LPN/LVN in today's healthcare system. Which
statement accurately describes the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN?
A) The LPN/LVN can perform initial admission assessments independently.
B) The LPN/LVN works under the supervision of an RN or physician.
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C) The LPN/LVN can develop comprehensive care plans without supervision.
D) The LPN/LVN cannot administer medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The LPN/LVN works under the supervision of an RN or physician and
provides basic nursing care. Initial assessments and comprehensive care planning are
typically performed by the RN. LPN/LVNs can administer medications within their scope
of practice.
3. The nurse is preparing a presentation on the history of nursing. Which event led
to the establishment of the American Red Cross?
A) The Crimean War
B) World War I
C) The Civil War
D) World War II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clara Barton established the American Red Cross following her nursing
experiences during the Civil War. The Crimean War was associated with Florence
Nightingale's work.
4. A nursing student is studying the evolution of nursing education. Which
statement about the Weir Report is correct?
A) It established the first nursing school in Canada.
B) It confirmed insufficient classroom instruction and lack of clinical experience.
C) It created the Canadian Nurses Association.
D) It established the Victoria Order of Nurses.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Weir Report (1932) surveyed nursing education in Canada and
confirmed insufficient classroom instruction and lack of variety in clinical experience,
leading to educational reforms.
5. Which organization is responsible for establishing standards for clinical nursing
practice in the United States?
A) National League for Nursing (NLN)
B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
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C) International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D) State Board of Nursing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Nurses Association (ANA) establishes standards for clinical
nursing practice, defines the scope of practice, and advocates for the nursing
profession.
6. A nurse is explaining the "full-spectrum nursing model" to a group of students.
Which components are included in this model?
A) Physical, Psychological, Social
B) Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C) Thinking, Doing, and Caring
D) Clinical, Administrative, Educational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The full-spectrum nursing model emphasizes Thinking (critical thinking and
clinical reasoning), Doing (nursing skills and interventions), and Caring (compassionate
patient-centered care).
7. A nurse educator is teaching about nursing as a profession. Which characteristic
is essential for nursing to be considered a profession?
A) A code of ethics
B) A defined body of knowledge
C) Professional autonomy
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nursing is considered a profession because it has a code of ethics, a defined
body of knowledge, professional autonomy, and self-regulation through licensing
boards.
8. The nurse understands that "evidence-based practice" is best described as:
A) Following traditional nursing practices
B) Using clinical intuition to guide patient care
C) Integrating research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
D) Following institutional policies regardless of evidence
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Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based practice integrates the best available research evidence
with clinical expertise and patient preferences to guide clinical decision-making.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient and follows the nursing process. Which step
involves collecting data about the patient's health status?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves collecting
comprehensive data about the patient's health status through interviews, physical
examination, and observation.
10. The nurse is evaluating a patient's response to a nursing intervention. This
action occurs during which phase of the nursing process?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Implementation
D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation is the final step of the nursing process and involves determining
whether the interventions were effective and whether the patient's outcomes were
achieved.
Chapter 2: Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing (Questions 11-20)
11. A patient refuses a treatment despite the nurse's recommendation. The nurse
should:
A) Force the patient to accept the treatment
B) Respect the patient's decision and document the refusal
C) Contact the patient's family to override the decision
D) Ignore the patient's refusal
FOUNDATIONS AND ADULT HEALTH NURSING, 8TH EDITION
(COOPER & GOSNELL) EXAM LATEST VERSION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026 EDITION
FOUNDATIONS AND ADULT HEALTH NURSING, 8TH EDITION (COOPER & GOSNELL)
– 250 EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS WITH RATIONALES
SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (CHAPTERS 1-6) – Questions 1-50
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Nursing (Questions 1-10)
1. The nurse is reviewing the history of nursing with a group of students. Which
individual is credited with establishing the first nursing school based on
educational standards?
A) Clara Barton
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Lillian Wald
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing school based on
educational standards and is considered the founder of modern nursing. Clara Barton
founded the American Red Cross, Dorothea Dix advocated for the mentally ill, and
Lillian Wald established public health nursing.
2. A nurse is explaining the role of the LPN/LVN in today's healthcare system. Which
statement accurately describes the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN?
A) The LPN/LVN can perform initial admission assessments independently.
B) The LPN/LVN works under the supervision of an RN or physician.
, Page 2 of 87
C) The LPN/LVN can develop comprehensive care plans without supervision.
D) The LPN/LVN cannot administer medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The LPN/LVN works under the supervision of an RN or physician and
provides basic nursing care. Initial assessments and comprehensive care planning are
typically performed by the RN. LPN/LVNs can administer medications within their scope
of practice.
3. The nurse is preparing a presentation on the history of nursing. Which event led
to the establishment of the American Red Cross?
A) The Crimean War
B) World War I
C) The Civil War
D) World War II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clara Barton established the American Red Cross following her nursing
experiences during the Civil War. The Crimean War was associated with Florence
Nightingale's work.
4. A nursing student is studying the evolution of nursing education. Which
statement about the Weir Report is correct?
A) It established the first nursing school in Canada.
B) It confirmed insufficient classroom instruction and lack of clinical experience.
C) It created the Canadian Nurses Association.
D) It established the Victoria Order of Nurses.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Weir Report (1932) surveyed nursing education in Canada and
confirmed insufficient classroom instruction and lack of variety in clinical experience,
leading to educational reforms.
5. Which organization is responsible for establishing standards for clinical nursing
practice in the United States?
A) National League for Nursing (NLN)
B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
, Page 3 of 87
C) International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D) State Board of Nursing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Nurses Association (ANA) establishes standards for clinical
nursing practice, defines the scope of practice, and advocates for the nursing
profession.
6. A nurse is explaining the "full-spectrum nursing model" to a group of students.
Which components are included in this model?
A) Physical, Psychological, Social
B) Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C) Thinking, Doing, and Caring
D) Clinical, Administrative, Educational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The full-spectrum nursing model emphasizes Thinking (critical thinking and
clinical reasoning), Doing (nursing skills and interventions), and Caring (compassionate
patient-centered care).
7. A nurse educator is teaching about nursing as a profession. Which characteristic
is essential for nursing to be considered a profession?
A) A code of ethics
B) A defined body of knowledge
C) Professional autonomy
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nursing is considered a profession because it has a code of ethics, a defined
body of knowledge, professional autonomy, and self-regulation through licensing
boards.
8. The nurse understands that "evidence-based practice" is best described as:
A) Following traditional nursing practices
B) Using clinical intuition to guide patient care
C) Integrating research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
D) Following institutional policies regardless of evidence
, Page 4 of 87
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based practice integrates the best available research evidence
with clinical expertise and patient preferences to guide clinical decision-making.
9. A nurse is caring for a patient and follows the nursing process. Which step
involves collecting data about the patient's health status?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Planning
D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves collecting
comprehensive data about the patient's health status through interviews, physical
examination, and observation.
10. The nurse is evaluating a patient's response to a nursing intervention. This
action occurs during which phase of the nursing process?
A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Implementation
D) Evaluation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation is the final step of the nursing process and involves determining
whether the interventions were effective and whether the patient's outcomes were
achieved.
Chapter 2: Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing (Questions 11-20)
11. A patient refuses a treatment despite the nurse's recommendation. The nurse
should:
A) Force the patient to accept the treatment
B) Respect the patient's decision and document the refusal
C) Contact the patient's family to override the decision
D) Ignore the patient's refusal
