Page 1 of 86
PRIMARY CARE: ART AND SCIENCE OF ADVANCED PRACTICE
NURSING, 5TH EDITION (DUNPHY) EXAM LATEST VERSION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 EDITION
PRIMARY CARE: ART AND SCIENCE OF ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING, 5TH
EDITION (DUNPHY) – 250 EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS WITH RATIONALES
SECTION 1: PRIMARY CARE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY (CHAPTERS 1-5)
Chapter 1: Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century (Questions 1-25)
1. A nurse has conducted a literature review to identify the effect of handwashing
on nosocomial infection rates. An article presents findings at a level of significance
of p<*0.01*. This indicates:
A) The control group and experimental group were more than 99% similar.
B) The findings have less than a 1% chance of being attributable to chance.
C) The effects of the intervention were nearly zero.
D) The clinical significance was less than 1:100.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The level of significance is the level at which the researcher believes that the
study results most likely represent a non-chance event. A p-value of <0.01 indicates
that there is less than a 1% probability that the result is due to chance .
2. A nurse has read a qualitative research study to understand the lived experience
of parents who have experienced neonatal loss. Which question should the nurse
prioritize when appraising the results?
A) How well did the authors capture the personal experiences of these parents?
B) How well did the authors control for confounding variables?
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C) Did the authors use appropriate statistical measures?
D) Were the instruments the researchers used statistically valid and reliable?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Qualitative studies are judged on how well they capture and convey the
subjective experiences of individuals. Statistical measures and variables are not
dimensions of qualitative methodology .
3. A nurse has expressed skepticism about the value of nursing research, claiming
it has little relevance to practice. How can the nurse's colleague best defend the
importance of nursing research?
A) Nursing research means nurses can now access federal grant money.
B) Nursing research has allowed the development of master's and doctoral programs.
C) Nursing research has caused nursing to be viewed as a true profession.
D) The application of nursing research has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The greatest value of nursing research lies in the potential to improve
practice and, ultimately, improve patient outcomes. This supersedes contributions to
education programs, grant funding, or the public view of the profession .
4. Tracy, a baccalaureate-prepared nurse in labor and delivery, notices that many
new mothers abandon breastfeeding when they experience early challenges. What
role is Tracy most likely to play in a research project testing an intervention to
promote breastfeeding?
A) Applying for grant funding
B) Posing the clinical problem to nursing researchers
C) Planning the methodology
D) Carrying out the intervention and submitting results for publication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A major role for staff nurses is to identify questions or problems for
research. Grant applications, methodological planning, and publication submission are
normally carried out by nurses with advanced degrees .
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5. A patient signed an informed consent form for a drug trial explained by a
research assistant. Later, the patient admitted to the nurse that he did not
understand the explanation or his role in the study. How should the nurse respond?
A) Explain the research process in greater detail.
B) Describe the details of a randomized controlled trial.
C) Notify the principal investigator immediately.
D) Document the patient's lack of understanding in the chart.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Informed consent requires that the patient fully understands the study. The
nurse should notify the principal investigator so the consent process can be re-
addressed .
6. Which of the following best describes the primary goal of primary care?
A) Managing acute illnesses
B) Providing comprehensive, accessible, and coordinated care
C) Reducing healthcare costs
D) Specializing in chronic disease management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary care provides comprehensive, accessible, and coordinated care
across the lifespan. It addresses the majority of health needs and coordinates care with
other specialists.
7. Which of the following is a central premise of community-based healthcare?
A) The nurse is in charge of all care decisions.
B) Patients and clients are in charge of their own health.
C) Community care is less effective than hospital care.
D) Treatment options are more limited in the community.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A central premise of community healthcare is that patients and clients are in
charge. The move toward community care is not motivated by an increased role for
nurses but by patient empowerment .
Chapter 2: Interprofessional Practice (Questions 26-50)
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8. A nurse is called into work to perform triage after an earthquake. Which is the
expected responsibility of the nurse in this role?
A) Setting up and monitoring IV lines
B) Preparing the emergency room for multiple victims
C) Screening victims to prioritize treatment
D) Checking available blood products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Triage involves the initial screening of victims for the purpose of prioritizing
treatment and making the most effective and efficient use of both human and material
resources. The other tasks are within the scope of disaster nursing but are not triage
activities .
9. Mr. Hammond, a 70-year-old with type 1 diabetes and a diabetic foot ulcer,
requires regular wound care. Which nursing action is most likely to empower Mr.
Hammond?
A) Encourage him to acknowledge his contribution to the development of his wound.
B) Provide information that matches his expressed needs.
C) Encourage family involvement in his care.
D) Delegate wound care to him and reduce visit frequency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Client empowerment is often fostered by assessing and meeting a client's
need for information. Encouraging acknowledgment of the client's contribution to their
health state is beneficial but less likely to make the client feel empowered. Delegation
may not be appropriate .
10. An elderly female client tends to defer decisions regarding her care to her
eldest son. How should the community health nurse respond?
A) Discuss this observation openly with the client and her son and explore alternatives.
B) Organize care at times when the son is not present.
C) Accommodate this aspect of the client's family dynamics.
D) Teach the client assertiveness skills.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should respect the client's desire to organize her care in the way
she prefers. It is not the nurse's responsibility to reorganize or overcome this family's
dynamics .
PRIMARY CARE: ART AND SCIENCE OF ADVANCED PRACTICE
NURSING, 5TH EDITION (DUNPHY) EXAM LATEST VERSION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 EDITION
PRIMARY CARE: ART AND SCIENCE OF ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING, 5TH
EDITION (DUNPHY) – 250 EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS WITH RATIONALES
SECTION 1: PRIMARY CARE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY (CHAPTERS 1-5)
Chapter 1: Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century (Questions 1-25)
1. A nurse has conducted a literature review to identify the effect of handwashing
on nosocomial infection rates. An article presents findings at a level of significance
of p<*0.01*. This indicates:
A) The control group and experimental group were more than 99% similar.
B) The findings have less than a 1% chance of being attributable to chance.
C) The effects of the intervention were nearly zero.
D) The clinical significance was less than 1:100.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The level of significance is the level at which the researcher believes that the
study results most likely represent a non-chance event. A p-value of <0.01 indicates
that there is less than a 1% probability that the result is due to chance .
2. A nurse has read a qualitative research study to understand the lived experience
of parents who have experienced neonatal loss. Which question should the nurse
prioritize when appraising the results?
A) How well did the authors capture the personal experiences of these parents?
B) How well did the authors control for confounding variables?
, Page 2 of 86
C) Did the authors use appropriate statistical measures?
D) Were the instruments the researchers used statistically valid and reliable?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Qualitative studies are judged on how well they capture and convey the
subjective experiences of individuals. Statistical measures and variables are not
dimensions of qualitative methodology .
3. A nurse has expressed skepticism about the value of nursing research, claiming
it has little relevance to practice. How can the nurse's colleague best defend the
importance of nursing research?
A) Nursing research means nurses can now access federal grant money.
B) Nursing research has allowed the development of master's and doctoral programs.
C) Nursing research has caused nursing to be viewed as a true profession.
D) The application of nursing research has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The greatest value of nursing research lies in the potential to improve
practice and, ultimately, improve patient outcomes. This supersedes contributions to
education programs, grant funding, or the public view of the profession .
4. Tracy, a baccalaureate-prepared nurse in labor and delivery, notices that many
new mothers abandon breastfeeding when they experience early challenges. What
role is Tracy most likely to play in a research project testing an intervention to
promote breastfeeding?
A) Applying for grant funding
B) Posing the clinical problem to nursing researchers
C) Planning the methodology
D) Carrying out the intervention and submitting results for publication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A major role for staff nurses is to identify questions or problems for
research. Grant applications, methodological planning, and publication submission are
normally carried out by nurses with advanced degrees .
, Page 3 of 86
5. A patient signed an informed consent form for a drug trial explained by a
research assistant. Later, the patient admitted to the nurse that he did not
understand the explanation or his role in the study. How should the nurse respond?
A) Explain the research process in greater detail.
B) Describe the details of a randomized controlled trial.
C) Notify the principal investigator immediately.
D) Document the patient's lack of understanding in the chart.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Informed consent requires that the patient fully understands the study. The
nurse should notify the principal investigator so the consent process can be re-
addressed .
6. Which of the following best describes the primary goal of primary care?
A) Managing acute illnesses
B) Providing comprehensive, accessible, and coordinated care
C) Reducing healthcare costs
D) Specializing in chronic disease management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary care provides comprehensive, accessible, and coordinated care
across the lifespan. It addresses the majority of health needs and coordinates care with
other specialists.
7. Which of the following is a central premise of community-based healthcare?
A) The nurse is in charge of all care decisions.
B) Patients and clients are in charge of their own health.
C) Community care is less effective than hospital care.
D) Treatment options are more limited in the community.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A central premise of community healthcare is that patients and clients are in
charge. The move toward community care is not motivated by an increased role for
nurses but by patient empowerment .
Chapter 2: Interprofessional Practice (Questions 26-50)
, Page 4 of 86
8. A nurse is called into work to perform triage after an earthquake. Which is the
expected responsibility of the nurse in this role?
A) Setting up and monitoring IV lines
B) Preparing the emergency room for multiple victims
C) Screening victims to prioritize treatment
D) Checking available blood products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Triage involves the initial screening of victims for the purpose of prioritizing
treatment and making the most effective and efficient use of both human and material
resources. The other tasks are within the scope of disaster nursing but are not triage
activities .
9. Mr. Hammond, a 70-year-old with type 1 diabetes and a diabetic foot ulcer,
requires regular wound care. Which nursing action is most likely to empower Mr.
Hammond?
A) Encourage him to acknowledge his contribution to the development of his wound.
B) Provide information that matches his expressed needs.
C) Encourage family involvement in his care.
D) Delegate wound care to him and reduce visit frequency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Client empowerment is often fostered by assessing and meeting a client's
need for information. Encouraging acknowledgment of the client's contribution to their
health state is beneficial but less likely to make the client feel empowered. Delegation
may not be appropriate .
10. An elderly female client tends to defer decisions regarding her care to her
eldest son. How should the community health nurse respond?
A) Discuss this observation openly with the client and her son and explore alternatives.
B) Organize care at times when the son is not present.
C) Accommodate this aspect of the client's family dynamics.
D) Teach the client assertiveness skills.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should respect the client's desire to organize her care in the way
she prefers. It is not the nurse's responsibility to reorganize or overcome this family's
dynamics .
