BIO 252 Final Exam Study Guide: BIO 252 Final Module: 91 Questions
& Answers
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should always be worn, including
gloves, masks, protective eyewear, and gowns, when handling blood.
Answer: True
o Rationale: Standard precautions require PPE to prevent exposure to
bloodborne pathogens.
2. In the capillaries, ______ enters the bloodstream as waste from the
surrounding tissues.
o Answer: Carbon dioxide
o Rationale: Capillaries are the site of gas exchange where waste
products like CO2 move from tissues into the blood.
3. Coagulation results in a clot composed solely of platelets without any
fibrin involvement.
Answer: False
o Rationale: A blood clot is actually made up of a network of fibrin,
platelets, and blood cells.
4. The first major homeostatic mechanism preventing clots from becoming
too large is the ______ of clotting factors, which dilutes and spreads them
apart throughout blood circulation.
o Answer: Removal
o Rationale: The physical removal and dilution of clotting factors by
circulating blood prevents excessive clot growth.
5. What feature do reticulocytes still retain after the nucleus is ejected from
the normoblast?
o Answer: They still have a few organelles
, o Rationale: Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that have lost
their nuclei but still contain some organelles like ribosomes.
6. A pulse oximeter measures percent saturation by using red and infrared
light to assess oxygen levels in the blood.
o Answer: True
o Rationale: Pulse oximetry utilizes the light absorption characteristics
of hemoglobin to determine oxygen saturation.
7. What does it mean if a red blood cell is classified as hypochromic?
o Answer: It has a decreased amount of hemoglobin and appears
lighter
o Rationale: "Hypo-" means low and "-chromic" refers to color; less
hemoglobin results in a paler (lighter) cell.
8. What is the primary function of platelets in hemostasis?
o Answer: They initiate vascular spasm and aid in clot formation
o Rationale: Platelets are essential for forming the initial plug and
triggering the coagulation cascade.
9. Which of the following best describes the role of blood in the body's
transportation system?
o Answer: It carries nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products
throughout the body
o Rationale: Blood serves as the primary medium for transporting vital
substances to and from cells.
10.The myocardium shares some characteristics with both ______ and
______ muscle tissue.
o Answer: Skeletal, smooth
, o Rationale: Like skeletal muscle, it is striated; like smooth muscle, it is
involuntary and possesses gap junctions.
11.The pause in the AV node allows the atrial cardiomyocytes to finish
contracting and pump blood into the ventricles.
o Answer: True
o Rationale: This delay ensures that the ventricles fill properly before
they begin their own contraction.
12.What is the main difference between cardiac conducting cells and cardiac
contractile cells regarding their resting potential?
o Answer: Cardiac conducting cells do not have a stable resting
potential, while contractile cells do
o Rationale: Conducting cells (like those in the SA node) have a self-
exciting "pacemaker potential" rather than a stable rest.
13.What is the term for the period of contraction during the cardiac cycle?
o Answer: Systole
o Rationale: Systole refers to contraction (atrial or ventricular), while
diastole refers to relaxation.
14.Which event directly follows calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium
channels in cardiomyocytes?
o Answer: Activation of the contractile machinery
o Rationale: Calcium entry triggers the sliding filament mechanism
necessary for muscle contraction.
15.The relative refractory period occurs when the cardiac muscle cell has
fully returned to its resting membrane potential.
o Answer: False
& Answers
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should always be worn, including
gloves, masks, protective eyewear, and gowns, when handling blood.
Answer: True
o Rationale: Standard precautions require PPE to prevent exposure to
bloodborne pathogens.
2. In the capillaries, ______ enters the bloodstream as waste from the
surrounding tissues.
o Answer: Carbon dioxide
o Rationale: Capillaries are the site of gas exchange where waste
products like CO2 move from tissues into the blood.
3. Coagulation results in a clot composed solely of platelets without any
fibrin involvement.
Answer: False
o Rationale: A blood clot is actually made up of a network of fibrin,
platelets, and blood cells.
4. The first major homeostatic mechanism preventing clots from becoming
too large is the ______ of clotting factors, which dilutes and spreads them
apart throughout blood circulation.
o Answer: Removal
o Rationale: The physical removal and dilution of clotting factors by
circulating blood prevents excessive clot growth.
5. What feature do reticulocytes still retain after the nucleus is ejected from
the normoblast?
o Answer: They still have a few organelles
, o Rationale: Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that have lost
their nuclei but still contain some organelles like ribosomes.
6. A pulse oximeter measures percent saturation by using red and infrared
light to assess oxygen levels in the blood.
o Answer: True
o Rationale: Pulse oximetry utilizes the light absorption characteristics
of hemoglobin to determine oxygen saturation.
7. What does it mean if a red blood cell is classified as hypochromic?
o Answer: It has a decreased amount of hemoglobin and appears
lighter
o Rationale: "Hypo-" means low and "-chromic" refers to color; less
hemoglobin results in a paler (lighter) cell.
8. What is the primary function of platelets in hemostasis?
o Answer: They initiate vascular spasm and aid in clot formation
o Rationale: Platelets are essential for forming the initial plug and
triggering the coagulation cascade.
9. Which of the following best describes the role of blood in the body's
transportation system?
o Answer: It carries nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products
throughout the body
o Rationale: Blood serves as the primary medium for transporting vital
substances to and from cells.
10.The myocardium shares some characteristics with both ______ and
______ muscle tissue.
o Answer: Skeletal, smooth
, o Rationale: Like skeletal muscle, it is striated; like smooth muscle, it is
involuntary and possesses gap junctions.
11.The pause in the AV node allows the atrial cardiomyocytes to finish
contracting and pump blood into the ventricles.
o Answer: True
o Rationale: This delay ensures that the ventricles fill properly before
they begin their own contraction.
12.What is the main difference between cardiac conducting cells and cardiac
contractile cells regarding their resting potential?
o Answer: Cardiac conducting cells do not have a stable resting
potential, while contractile cells do
o Rationale: Conducting cells (like those in the SA node) have a self-
exciting "pacemaker potential" rather than a stable rest.
13.What is the term for the period of contraction during the cardiac cycle?
o Answer: Systole
o Rationale: Systole refers to contraction (atrial or ventricular), while
diastole refers to relaxation.
14.Which event directly follows calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium
channels in cardiomyocytes?
o Answer: Activation of the contractile machinery
o Rationale: Calcium entry triggers the sliding filament mechanism
necessary for muscle contraction.
15.The relative refractory period occurs when the cardiac muscle cell has
fully returned to its resting membrane potential.
o Answer: False
