FP-C Exam (Latest 2026 Set)
Boyle's Law "Boyle's= Balloon = Barotrauma"
The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas at a constant
temperature.
Affects ETT cuffs, IV drip rates.
Dalton's Law "Dalton's Gang"
The Law of Partial Pressures
The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual pressures.
Responsible for soft tissue swelling at altitude.
Charles' Law "Charging Charles"
The Law of Volumes
At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature of the gas.
When you charge an oxygen tank, the tank gets hot.
Gay-Lussac's Law Directly proportional relationship between temperature and pressure.
Oxygen cylinder left outside overnight will have a lower pressure due to temperature
drop.
Graham's Law "Graham's= Grey Matter"
Law of Gaseous Diffusion
Gas that diffuses from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
Limits gas ability to move through liquid.
Gas bubbles coming out of exposed grey matter when at altitude.
Henry's Law "Henry= Heineken"
Solubility of gas in liquid.
At a constant temperature, the amount of a gas dissolved in a type and volume of
liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with
that liquid.
Affects divers with decompression sickness.
Carbonated drinks hiss when opened.
Newton's First Law of Motion A body in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
Newton's Second Law of Motion Acceleration is dependent on the mass of the object and force of the object
Newton's Third Law of Motion For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
, FP-C Exam (Latest 2026 Set)
Decompression Sickness "The Bends"
Related to Henry's Law
Diver ascends too fast, nitrogen comes out in the form of bubbles.
DCS Type 1 Musculoskeletal Decompression Illness
Limb or joint pain, skin rash, joint swelling
DCS Type 2 Headache, fatigue, visual disturbances, motor/sensory neurologic
impairment/deficits, confusion, seizures, coma and death
Arterial Gas Embolism Related to Boyle's Law
Caused by holding breath during ascent. Air pushes through alveoli and enters skin.
Presents with stroke like symptoms
Under Water Values Every 33 ft below water = 1 ATM
Sea Level = 1 ATM
33 ft under water = 2 ATM
66 ft under water = 3 ATM
Self-Imposed stressors of flight DEATH:
Dehydration
Exhaustion
Alcohol
Tobacco
Hypoglycemia
Light Locations while flying Green light should be located on the right wing
Red light should be on the left wing
White light is on the rear
Positions to approach with patient 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock
Crash Landing in Water Fixed wing aircraft will almost always float
Rotor wing will almost always sink or capsize
Wait until helicopter is upside down and rotors have stopped spinning before exiting
Visualize air bubbles to help determine way to the surface
THREAT acronym for active shooter multiple casualty incidents
Threat suppression
Hemorrhage control
Rapid extrication to the cold zone
Assessment
Transportation to hospital
TOMAS acronym used to ensure safety in wilderness locations
Terrain
Obstacles
Method
Alternatives
Safety
, FP-C Exam (Latest 2026 Set)
GAMUT Ground Air Medical Quality Transport Metrics
database containing data used to track, report, and evaluate the performance of
transport services
can be used to benchmark services against one another
Hypemic Hypoxia "Anemic"
Reduction in O2 carrying capability of red blood cells
Ex: anemia, hemorrhage
Histotoxic Hypoxia "Poisoning"
Limits the use of available oxygen due to poisoning of the cytochrome oxidase
system
Ex: cyanide, alcohol, carbon monoxide
Hypoxic Hypoxia "Not enough oxygen in the air"
Deficiency in alveolar oxygen exchange
Ex: cardiovascular/pneumothorax patients, high altitude
Stagnant Hypoxia "Blood isn't moving"
Reduced cardiac output or pooling of blood
Ex: cardiogenic shock, high G forces
Stages of Hypoxia ICDC
Indifferent: sea level - 10,000 ft, full reasoning capabilities, slight increase in HR and
ventilation, night vision loss at 5,000 ft
Compensatory: 10,000 - 15,000 ft, increased BP, HR and depth/rate of respiration,
slowed judgement
Disturbance: 15,000 - 20,000 ft, dizziness, tunnel vision, slurred speech, cyanosis,
muscle coordination decreases
Critical: 20,000 - 30,000 ft, marked mental confusion, incapacitation,
unconsciousness
Physiologic Zone Sea level to 10,000 ft
Physiologically Deficient Zone 10,000 to 50,000 ft
Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) 18,000 ft and lower = 30 minutes
25,000 ft = 3-5 minutes
30,000 ft = 90 seconds
35,000 ft = 30-60 seconds
40,000 ft and higher = 15 seconds or less
Oxygen Adjustment Calculation (%FiO2 x P1)/P2=New FiO2 for altitude
Boyle's Law "Boyle's= Balloon = Barotrauma"
The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas at a constant
temperature.
Affects ETT cuffs, IV drip rates.
Dalton's Law "Dalton's Gang"
The Law of Partial Pressures
The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual pressures.
Responsible for soft tissue swelling at altitude.
Charles' Law "Charging Charles"
The Law of Volumes
At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature of the gas.
When you charge an oxygen tank, the tank gets hot.
Gay-Lussac's Law Directly proportional relationship between temperature and pressure.
Oxygen cylinder left outside overnight will have a lower pressure due to temperature
drop.
Graham's Law "Graham's= Grey Matter"
Law of Gaseous Diffusion
Gas that diffuses from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
Limits gas ability to move through liquid.
Gas bubbles coming out of exposed grey matter when at altitude.
Henry's Law "Henry= Heineken"
Solubility of gas in liquid.
At a constant temperature, the amount of a gas dissolved in a type and volume of
liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with
that liquid.
Affects divers with decompression sickness.
Carbonated drinks hiss when opened.
Newton's First Law of Motion A body in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
Newton's Second Law of Motion Acceleration is dependent on the mass of the object and force of the object
Newton's Third Law of Motion For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
, FP-C Exam (Latest 2026 Set)
Decompression Sickness "The Bends"
Related to Henry's Law
Diver ascends too fast, nitrogen comes out in the form of bubbles.
DCS Type 1 Musculoskeletal Decompression Illness
Limb or joint pain, skin rash, joint swelling
DCS Type 2 Headache, fatigue, visual disturbances, motor/sensory neurologic
impairment/deficits, confusion, seizures, coma and death
Arterial Gas Embolism Related to Boyle's Law
Caused by holding breath during ascent. Air pushes through alveoli and enters skin.
Presents with stroke like symptoms
Under Water Values Every 33 ft below water = 1 ATM
Sea Level = 1 ATM
33 ft under water = 2 ATM
66 ft under water = 3 ATM
Self-Imposed stressors of flight DEATH:
Dehydration
Exhaustion
Alcohol
Tobacco
Hypoglycemia
Light Locations while flying Green light should be located on the right wing
Red light should be on the left wing
White light is on the rear
Positions to approach with patient 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock
Crash Landing in Water Fixed wing aircraft will almost always float
Rotor wing will almost always sink or capsize
Wait until helicopter is upside down and rotors have stopped spinning before exiting
Visualize air bubbles to help determine way to the surface
THREAT acronym for active shooter multiple casualty incidents
Threat suppression
Hemorrhage control
Rapid extrication to the cold zone
Assessment
Transportation to hospital
TOMAS acronym used to ensure safety in wilderness locations
Terrain
Obstacles
Method
Alternatives
Safety
, FP-C Exam (Latest 2026 Set)
GAMUT Ground Air Medical Quality Transport Metrics
database containing data used to track, report, and evaluate the performance of
transport services
can be used to benchmark services against one another
Hypemic Hypoxia "Anemic"
Reduction in O2 carrying capability of red blood cells
Ex: anemia, hemorrhage
Histotoxic Hypoxia "Poisoning"
Limits the use of available oxygen due to poisoning of the cytochrome oxidase
system
Ex: cyanide, alcohol, carbon monoxide
Hypoxic Hypoxia "Not enough oxygen in the air"
Deficiency in alveolar oxygen exchange
Ex: cardiovascular/pneumothorax patients, high altitude
Stagnant Hypoxia "Blood isn't moving"
Reduced cardiac output or pooling of blood
Ex: cardiogenic shock, high G forces
Stages of Hypoxia ICDC
Indifferent: sea level - 10,000 ft, full reasoning capabilities, slight increase in HR and
ventilation, night vision loss at 5,000 ft
Compensatory: 10,000 - 15,000 ft, increased BP, HR and depth/rate of respiration,
slowed judgement
Disturbance: 15,000 - 20,000 ft, dizziness, tunnel vision, slurred speech, cyanosis,
muscle coordination decreases
Critical: 20,000 - 30,000 ft, marked mental confusion, incapacitation,
unconsciousness
Physiologic Zone Sea level to 10,000 ft
Physiologically Deficient Zone 10,000 to 50,000 ft
Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) 18,000 ft and lower = 30 minutes
25,000 ft = 3-5 minutes
30,000 ft = 90 seconds
35,000 ft = 30-60 seconds
40,000 ft and higher = 15 seconds or less
Oxygen Adjustment Calculation (%FiO2 x P1)/P2=New FiO2 for altitude
