NR 507 FINAL EXAM 2026 PRACTICE TEST
SHEET FULL SOLUTIONS CORRECT ANSWERS
PREPARATION SET
◉ Substance release at the synapse.
Answer: Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory- alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS
transmission
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3
receptors). parkinson disease
◉ Spondylolysis.
Answer: structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or developmental
defect) in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch (the joining
of the vertebral body to the posterior structures). The lumbar spine
at L5 is affected most often.
-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
◉ motor and sensory areas of the brain.
,Answer: Parietal lobe- major area for somatic sensory input, located
along the postcentral gyrus. which is adjacent to the primary motor
area in the precentral gyrus.
Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the
precentral gyrus forming the primary voluntary motor area
(homunculus) (little man).
Association fibers provide communication between sensory and
motor
◉ Ischemic penumbra.
Answer: ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-infarct
tissue.
-no structural damage
◉ Cerebral infarction.
Answer: ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft 6-12
hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue.
necrosis resolves around the 2nd week. glial scarring.
◉ excitotoxins.
, Answer: Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate glutamate
release and cause neuron suicide.
◉ Agnosia.
Answer: the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body,
sides and #s)- L angular gyrus (Parieral)
-Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
◉ Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Answer: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the
cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood
coats nerve roots, impairs CSF circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
◉ Meningitis.
Answer: Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus bacteria
are most common
SHEET FULL SOLUTIONS CORRECT ANSWERS
PREPARATION SET
◉ Substance release at the synapse.
Answer: Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory- alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS
transmission
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3
receptors). parkinson disease
◉ Spondylolysis.
Answer: structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or developmental
defect) in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch (the joining
of the vertebral body to the posterior structures). The lumbar spine
at L5 is affected most often.
-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
◉ motor and sensory areas of the brain.
,Answer: Parietal lobe- major area for somatic sensory input, located
along the postcentral gyrus. which is adjacent to the primary motor
area in the precentral gyrus.
Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the
precentral gyrus forming the primary voluntary motor area
(homunculus) (little man).
Association fibers provide communication between sensory and
motor
◉ Ischemic penumbra.
Answer: ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-infarct
tissue.
-no structural damage
◉ Cerebral infarction.
Answer: ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft 6-12
hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue.
necrosis resolves around the 2nd week. glial scarring.
◉ excitotoxins.
, Answer: Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate glutamate
release and cause neuron suicide.
◉ Agnosia.
Answer: the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body,
sides and #s)- L angular gyrus (Parieral)
-Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
◉ Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Answer: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the
cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood
coats nerve roots, impairs CSF circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
◉ Meningitis.
Answer: Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus bacteria
are most common
