NR 507 MIDTERM UPDATED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
PREPARATION RESOURCE
●● What are 5 s/s of asthma
Answer: coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
●● Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
Answer: -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth
muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
●● Bronchioles
Answer: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
,●● 3 layers of the bronchioles
Answer: innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
●● lamina propria
Answer: the middle layer of the bronchioles
●● structure of the lamina propria
Answer: embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
●● purpose of the lamina propria
Answer: white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
●● How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
Answer: the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an
inflammatory response that damages host tissue
●● What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Answer: columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
,●● What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Answer: smooth muscle cells
●● what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
Answer: control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
●● alveolar hyperinflation
Answer: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus
trapping air inside
●● how does hyperinflation occur?
Answer: the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus
and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
●● Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
Answer: -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
●● What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
Answer: tiotropium and ipratropium
●● What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
, Answer: These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous
system
- increasing bronchodilation
●● MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
Answer: the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to
release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding
preventing the bronchial constriction
●● bronchitis
Answer: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
●● 3 characteristics of bronchitis
Answer: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years
●● Perfusion
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
PREPARATION RESOURCE
●● What are 5 s/s of asthma
Answer: coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
●● Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
Answer: -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth
muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
●● Bronchioles
Answer: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
,●● 3 layers of the bronchioles
Answer: innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
●● lamina propria
Answer: the middle layer of the bronchioles
●● structure of the lamina propria
Answer: embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
●● purpose of the lamina propria
Answer: white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
●● How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
Answer: the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an
inflammatory response that damages host tissue
●● What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Answer: columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
,●● What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Answer: smooth muscle cells
●● what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
Answer: control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
●● alveolar hyperinflation
Answer: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus
trapping air inside
●● how does hyperinflation occur?
Answer: the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus
and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
●● Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
Answer: -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
●● What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
Answer: tiotropium and ipratropium
●● What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
, Answer: These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous
system
- increasing bronchodilation
●● MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
Answer: the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to
release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding
preventing the bronchial constriction
●● bronchitis
Answer: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
●● 3 characteristics of bronchitis
Answer: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years
●● Perfusion
