NR 546 FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS FULL REVIEW GUIDE
●● Mesolimbic Pathway
Answer: VTA to nucleus accumbens
●● Mesocortical Pathway
Answer: VTA to prefrontal cortex
●● Tuberoinfundibular Pathway
Answer: Hypothalamus to anterior pituitary
●● Nigrostriatal Function
Answer: Controls posture and voluntary movements
●● Mesolimbic Function
Answer: Regulates emotional behaviors and pleasure
●● Tuberoinfundibular Function
Answer: Regulates prolactin release
●● Nigrostriatal Adverse Effects
,Answer: Can cause movement disorders like Parkinsonism and tremor
●● Mesolimbic Adverse Effects
Answer: Can cause positive symptoms of schizophrenia and substance
abuse reward
●● Tuberoinfundibular Adverse Effects
Answer: Can cause galactorrhea and sexual dysfunction
●● First Generation Antipsychotics
Answer: Used for schizophrenia and psychosis. Blocks D2 receptors in
mesolimbic pathway.
●● Second Generation Antipsychotics
Answer: Associated with metabolic adverse effects (e.g. weight gain,
dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased risk of diabetes). Olanzapine
and clozapine have the highest risk.
●● Pines, 2 dones and a rone, 2 pips and a rip
Answer: Not clear, consider revising for clarity.
●● Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Answer: Associated with cognitive symptoms.
, ●● Mesocortical and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Answer: Related to negative and affective symptoms.
●● Orbitofrontal and Connections to the Amygdala
Answer: Linked to aggressive and impulsive symptoms.
●● FGA Side Effects
Answer: Include hyperprolactinemia, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS),
QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, blood dyscrasias, sedation,
orthostatic hypotension, dizziness.
●● Clozapine
Answer: Not indicated for acute presentation of schizophrenia. ANC
must be >1500. Highest risk for weight gain.
●● Clozapine and Lurasidone
Answer: Noted for decreased risk of death by suicide.
●● Risperidone
Answer: Atypical antipsychotic. Off-label use for psychosis associated
with dementia despite black box warning.
CORRECT ANSWERS FULL REVIEW GUIDE
●● Mesolimbic Pathway
Answer: VTA to nucleus accumbens
●● Mesocortical Pathway
Answer: VTA to prefrontal cortex
●● Tuberoinfundibular Pathway
Answer: Hypothalamus to anterior pituitary
●● Nigrostriatal Function
Answer: Controls posture and voluntary movements
●● Mesolimbic Function
Answer: Regulates emotional behaviors and pleasure
●● Tuberoinfundibular Function
Answer: Regulates prolactin release
●● Nigrostriatal Adverse Effects
,Answer: Can cause movement disorders like Parkinsonism and tremor
●● Mesolimbic Adverse Effects
Answer: Can cause positive symptoms of schizophrenia and substance
abuse reward
●● Tuberoinfundibular Adverse Effects
Answer: Can cause galactorrhea and sexual dysfunction
●● First Generation Antipsychotics
Answer: Used for schizophrenia and psychosis. Blocks D2 receptors in
mesolimbic pathway.
●● Second Generation Antipsychotics
Answer: Associated with metabolic adverse effects (e.g. weight gain,
dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased risk of diabetes). Olanzapine
and clozapine have the highest risk.
●● Pines, 2 dones and a rone, 2 pips and a rip
Answer: Not clear, consider revising for clarity.
●● Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Answer: Associated with cognitive symptoms.
, ●● Mesocortical and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Answer: Related to negative and affective symptoms.
●● Orbitofrontal and Connections to the Amygdala
Answer: Linked to aggressive and impulsive symptoms.
●● FGA Side Effects
Answer: Include hyperprolactinemia, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS),
QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, blood dyscrasias, sedation,
orthostatic hypotension, dizziness.
●● Clozapine
Answer: Not indicated for acute presentation of schizophrenia. ANC
must be >1500. Highest risk for weight gain.
●● Clozapine and Lurasidone
Answer: Noted for decreased risk of death by suicide.
●● Risperidone
Answer: Atypical antipsychotic. Off-label use for psychosis associated
with dementia despite black box warning.
