DAT Biology TEST BANK MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|| CURRECT FINAL EXAM 2026 EDITION|| LATEST UPDATE

DAT Biology TEST BANK MIDTERM EXAM 2026-2027
NEWEST VERSION WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|| CURRECT FINAL
EXAM 2026 EDITION|| LATEST UPDATE



polymers


series of repeating monomers


functional groups


specific cluster of atoms that give molecules unique properties.
these are often referred to as R groups.


sulfhydryl




monosaccharides


single sugar molecules.
ex) glucose, fructose, galactose
alpha vs beta carbon is based on the position of H and OH on the
1st (anomeric) carbon (OH down = alpha, OH up = beta)

, disaccharides


two sugar molecules joined together by a glycosidic linkage.
e.g. sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose),
maltose (glucose + glucose)


polysaccharides


a series of connected monosaccharides (an example of a polymer).
bonded together via dehydration synthesis and broken via
hydrolysis.



alpha-glucose polymer carbohydrates


starch
glycogen

,glycosidic linkage


joined by dehydration


starch


functions to store energy in plant cells. consists primarily of amylose
and amylopectin.



glycogen


functions to store energy in animal cells. differs from starch in its
polymer branching.


beta glucose polymer carbohydrates


cellulose
chitin


cellulose


functions as a structural molecule for the walls of plant cells and
wood.

, chitin


functions as a structural molecule in fungal cell walls & arthropod
exoskeletons. structurally similar to cellulose but with nitrogen-
containing groups attached to each B-glucose ring.


Polymers of amino acids joined by


peptide bonds


Amino acid structure


Central α-carbon bonded to H, NH2, COOH and a variable R
group