CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM
SCRIPT FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
●● Who first observed cells in cork?
Answer: Robert Hooke
●● Who first observed living cells using microscopes?
Answer: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
●● What did Schleiden and Schwann contribute to biology?
Answer: They proposed the cell theory
●● What did Rudolf Virchow contribute to cell theory?
Answer: All cells come from pre-existing cells
●● What are the three domains of life?
Answer: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
●● What is the major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Answer: Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus;
prokaryotes do not
,●● Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
Answer: Mitochondria
●● Which organelle modifies and sorts proteins?
Answer: Golgi apparatus
●● What is the function of lysosomes?
Answer: Intracellular digestion and degradation
●● What does the endosymbiotic theory state?
Answer: Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from engulfed bacteria
●● What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein
●● What is replication?
Answer: Copying DNA
●● What is transcription?
Answer: Making RNA from DNA
●● What is translation?
, Answer: Making protein from mRNA
●● What universal structures do all cells share?
Answer: Plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm
●● Why is carbon important in biology?
Answer: It forms four covalent bonds and creates diverse molecules
●● What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
Answer: Covalent bonds share electrons; ionic bonds transfer electrons
●● What makes a covalent bond polar?
Answer: Unequal sharing of electrons
●● What is a hydrogen bond?
Answer: Weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen and an
electronegative atom
●● What are hydrophobic interactions?
Answer: Nonpolar molecules clustering away from water
●● What are the four major biological macromolecules?
SCRIPT FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
●● Who first observed cells in cork?
Answer: Robert Hooke
●● Who first observed living cells using microscopes?
Answer: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
●● What did Schleiden and Schwann contribute to biology?
Answer: They proposed the cell theory
●● What did Rudolf Virchow contribute to cell theory?
Answer: All cells come from pre-existing cells
●● What are the three domains of life?
Answer: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
●● What is the major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Answer: Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus;
prokaryotes do not
,●● Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
Answer: Mitochondria
●● Which organelle modifies and sorts proteins?
Answer: Golgi apparatus
●● What is the function of lysosomes?
Answer: Intracellular digestion and degradation
●● What does the endosymbiotic theory state?
Answer: Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from engulfed bacteria
●● What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein
●● What is replication?
Answer: Copying DNA
●● What is transcription?
Answer: Making RNA from DNA
●● What is translation?
, Answer: Making protein from mRNA
●● What universal structures do all cells share?
Answer: Plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm
●● Why is carbon important in biology?
Answer: It forms four covalent bonds and creates diverse molecules
●● What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
Answer: Covalent bonds share electrons; ionic bonds transfer electrons
●● What makes a covalent bond polar?
Answer: Unequal sharing of electrons
●● What is a hydrogen bond?
Answer: Weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen and an
electronegative atom
●● What are hydrophobic interactions?
Answer: Nonpolar molecules clustering away from water
●● What are the four major biological macromolecules?
