Social Science Psychology Developmental Psychology
ILTS 206 EXAM
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Quiz 2 Unit 1 Childhood Education Vocab PSY 212: Exam 1 Re
7 terms 9 terms 46 terms 30
quizlette28871972 Preview kinleybaker29 Preview matthai8012 Preview
Terms in this set (531)
-the common practice of giving children fruit juice should be avoided
-even without added sugars, fruit juiced crowd out room in small stomachs for
Discuss some considerations for adults in
food nutrients and cause dental cavities and weaken permanent teeth before they
feeding young children relative to sugar
erupt. children can also gain weight, as juice calories do not replace food calories
drinks and fruit juices, and portion sizes
the way actual fruit does with its fiber and solids
-young children should eat two-things of adult-sized portions
Scribble Stage: 2-4
Preschematic Stage: 4-6
Six stages of growth and development in Schematic Stage: 7-9
art and age ranges Dawning Realism: 9-11
Pseudorealistic: 11-13
Period of Decision: 14+
From 2 to 4 years, children first make uncontrolled scribbles, then controlled
Scribble Stage
scribbling, then progress to naming their scribbles to indicate what they represent.
From ages 4 to 6, children begin to develop a visual schema. Without complete
comprehension of dimensions and sizes, children may draw people and houses
Preschematic Stage
the same height; they use color more emotionally than logically. They may omit or
exaggerate facial features, or they might draw sizes by importance
Schematic Stage From 7 to 9 years, drawings more reflect actual physical proportions and colors.
Dawning Realism From ages 9 to 11, drawings become increasingly representational
Pseudorealistic stage From ages 11 to 13, children reflect their ability to reason
Period of decision stage Children ages 14+ reflect the adolescent identify crisis
-Taught art to elementary school students and sculpture to blind students.
Viktor Lowenfeld Background -Friends with Sigmund Freud who motivated him to pursue scientific research
-Published several books on using creative arts activities therapeutically
-He was familiar with the six stages in the growth of art
Viktor Lowenfeld's contributions to the six
-Combined these with principles of human development drawn from the school
stages of art development
of psychoanalytic psychology founded by Freud
, -identified adolescent learning styles and corresponding instructional
approaches
Viktor Lowenfeld's contributions to art -His book Creative and Mental Growth was the most influential text in art
education education during the later 20th century. This book gave scientific foundations to
creative and artistic expression and identified developmentally age appropriate
art media and activities.
-a 2.5 year old can grasp a crayon and scribble with it, but by the age of 4, they
can draw a picture we recognize as human
-a typical 4-year-old drawing of a human is called a tadpole person because it
Summarize some examples of
has no body, a large head, and stick limbs.
characteristics in young children's art that
-between the ages of 3 and 4, children make a transition from scribbling to
reflect their perceptual, cognitive, and
producing tadpole person drawings
motor development
-greater development in motor control and hand-eye coordination
-between ages 4 and 5, children make another transition by progressing from
drawing tadpole persons to drawing complete figures with heads and bodies
-Infants respond to the sounds of voices and to music. These responses are not
only to auditory stimulation but moreover to the emotional content in what they
hear
Explain some ways music is involved in -Parents sing lullabies to babies which help children develop trust in their
the development of infants and young environment as secure
children -Parents communicate their love to children through singing and introduce them
to experiences of pleasure and excitement through music
-music progresses to be not only a medium of communication but also one of
self-expression as they learn to sing and play musical sounds
-Music facilitates memory, as we see through commercial jingles and mnemonic
devices
-music improves spatial reasoning
Explain some ways music enhances child -perceptual and logical concepts like beginning and ending, sequences, cause-
development and-effect, balance, harmony and dissonance, and mathematical number and
timing concepts
-language development
-colors, counting, conceptual relationships, nature, and social skills
Music is a great aid to emotional development in that younger children can
Describe how musical activities enhance
express happiness, sadness, anger, and more through singing and/or playing
the emotional skills of young children
music more easily than they can with words
children of preschool ages not only listen to music and respond to what they hear,
but they also learn to create music through singing and playing instruments
Describe how musical activities enhance
together with other children. These activities help them learn crucial social skills
the social skills of young children
for their lives, like cooperating with others, collaborating, and making group or
team efforts to accomplish something
when children are given guided musical experiences, they learn to make their own
Describe how musical activities enhance
judgments of what is good or bad music; this provides them with the foundations
the aesthetic skills of young children
for developing an aesthetic sense
Music promotes pre literacy skills by enhancing phonemic awareness. As growing
Describe how musical activities enhance
children develop musical appreciation and skills, these develop fundamental
the school readiness skills of young
motor, cognitive, and social skills they need for language, school readiness,
children
literacy, and life.
Discuss some ways that sensory Preschool children's thinking is strongly based upon and connected to their
characteristics of cognitive development sensory perceptions. This means that in solving problems, they depend mainly on
in young children dictate what kinds of how things look, sound, feel, smell, and taste. Therefore, preschool children
premathematical learning experiences should always be given concrete objects that they can touch, explore, and
would benefit them experiment with in any learning experience.
,Discuss some ways that concrete They are not yet capable of understanding abstract concepts or manipulating
characteristics of cognitive development information mentally, so they must have real things to work with to understand
in young children dictate what kinds of premath concepts. They cannot benefit from rote math memorization or "sit still
premathematical learning experiences and listen" lessons
would benefit them
Discuss some ways that centration Since young children "centrate" on one characteristic, object, person, or event at a
characteristics of cognitive development time, adults can offer activities encouraging decentration/incorporating multiple
in young children dictate what kinds of aspects (grouping all red triangles separately from blue triangles)
premathematical learning experiences
would benefit them
-early childhood physical growth is slower than infant growth
-from birth to 2 years, children generally grow to 4 times their newborn weight
and 2/3 their newborn length/height
-From 2-3 years, children usually gain only about 4lbs and 3.5 inches
-From 4-6 years, growth slows more with gains of 5-7lbs and 2.5 inches
Describe some salient aspects of typical
-3 and 4 year olds appear to eat less food but actually just eat fewer calories per
early childhood physical development,
pound of body weight
including brain growth.
-brains attain 55% of adult size by 2 years and 90% by 6 years
-The majority of brain growth is around 4/4.5 years, with a growth spurt around 2
years and growth rates slowing significantly between 5 and 6 years
-Larger brain size indicates larger neurons, differences in their organization, more
glial cells nourishing and supporting neurons, and greater myelination.
the physical development of babies and young children is a product of the
interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Also, a child's physical
progress is equally influenced by environmental and psychological variables. For
Discuss the nature-nurture interaction in
the body, brain, and nervous system to grow and develop normally, children must
early childhood physical development.
live in healthy environments. When the interaction of hereditary and
environmental influences is not healthful, this is frequently reflected in abnormal
patterns of growth.
Failure to thrive syndrome is a dramatic example. When children are abused or
neglected for long periods of time, they actually stop growing. the social
Use the failure to thrive syndrome as an environments of such children create psychological stress. This stress makes the
example of the nature-nurture interaction child's pituitary gland stop releasing growth hormones, and growth ceases. When
in early childhood physical development such environmental stress is relieved and these children are given proper care,
stimulation, and affection, they begin growing again. They often grow rapidly
enough to catch up on the the growth they missed earlier.
-genetics, physiological maturation, nutrition, and experience through practice
combine to further preschoolers' motor skills development
-Newborns' reflexive behaviors progress to preschoolers' voluntary activities
-children's perception of the size, shape, and position of the body and boy parts
becomes more accurate by preschool ages
-increases in bilateral coordination of the body's two sides enhance preschoolers'
Discuss some significant signs of progress
motor skills
in the typical motor development of
-motor skills development entails both learning new movements and gradually
young children
integrating previously learned movements into smooth, continuous patterns, as in
learning to throw a ball with skill. Both large muscles and small muscles develop
-Hand-eye coordination involves fine-motor control
-preschoolers use visual feedback, seeing whether they are making things go
where and do what they want them to, in learning to manipulate small objects with
their hands and fingers
, Boys: have larger muscles so they can run faster, climb higher, and jump farther.
Tend to be more muscular physically. Usually exceed girls in large-muscle, gross
Identify some gender differences in early motor abilities like running, jumping, and climbing.
childhood motor development and Girls: Less muscular but on average are more mature physically for their ages.
generally characterize how overall Tend to surpass boys in small-muscle, fine motor abilities like buttoning, scissors,
physical and motor development and small tools. More advanced in gross-motor skills that do not demand strength
compares between genders so much as coordination like hopping, balancing, and skipping.
It is also found that motor development patterns are generally more similar than
different overall.
-Newborns cannot yet focus on distant objects
-infants younger than 5 months cannot sit up unsupported
-toddlers who have not yet attained stable walking gaits cannot hop or balance
upon one foot successfully
Give some general examples of how
-children younger than six years cannot physically sit still for long periods and
maturational factors affect the
have not developed long enough attention spans to prevent distraction, which is
development and learning of babies and
why first grade starts at age six and kindergarten classes feature varieties of
young children
shorter-term activities and more physical movement
-younger children have not yet developed the self-regulation to keep from
shouting out on impulse, getting up and running around, behaviors disruptive to
formal schooling but developmentally normal
-babies are typically nourished via the mother's milk or infant formula, then with
baby food
-young children mostly eat the same foods as adults by the age of 2
-young children have similar nutritional needs as adults, though they eat smaller
quantities
-calcium can be more important in early childhood to support the rapid bone
growth occurring during this period
Discuss some general guidelines -young children should receive 2-3 servings of dairy products and/or other
regarding nutritional factors in diet that calcium-rich foods
affect early childhood development -for all ages, whole-grain foods are nutritionally superior for their fiber and
nutrient than refined flours, which have had these removed
-refined flours provide empty calories causing wider blood-sugar fluctuations and
insulin, type 2 diabetes risk, than whole grains, which stabilize blood sugar and
offer more naturally occurring vitamins and minerals
-darkly and brightly colored produce are more nutritious
-adults should cut foods into small, bite-sized pieces to prevent choking in young
children who have not yet perfected their biting, chewing, and swallowing skills.
-good protein sources include legumes, nuts, lean poultry, and fish.
Summarize some considerations for early -Serving nut butters instead of whole nuts is safer, but spread thinly on whole-
childhood nutrition involving protein grain breads, crackers, or vegetable pieces, because young children can choke
on large globs
-raw or lightly steamed veggies are best because excess heat destroys nutrients
and frying adds fat calories
Summarize some considerations for early -fresh, in-season, and flash-frozen fruits are more nutritious and less processed
childhood nutrition involving produce than canned.
-adults should monitor young children's diets to limit highly processed produce,
which can have excessive sugar, salt, or preservatives
-Omega-3 fatty acids from salmon, mackerel, herring, flaxseeds, and walnuts
control inflammation, prevent heart arrhythmias, and lower blood pressure
-monounsaturated fats from avocados, olives, peanuts, and their oils, as well as
Summarize some considerations for early canola oil. prevent heart disease, lower bad cholesterol, and raise good
childhood nutrition involving fats cholesterol
-polyunsaturated fats from nuts and seeds from corn, soy, sesame, sunflower, and
safflower oils lower cholesterol.
-These fats should be served in moderation, and saturated fats should be avoided.
ILTS 206 EXAM
Leave the first rating
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
Quiz 2 Unit 1 Childhood Education Vocab PSY 212: Exam 1 Re
7 terms 9 terms 46 terms 30
quizlette28871972 Preview kinleybaker29 Preview matthai8012 Preview
Terms in this set (531)
-the common practice of giving children fruit juice should be avoided
-even without added sugars, fruit juiced crowd out room in small stomachs for
Discuss some considerations for adults in
food nutrients and cause dental cavities and weaken permanent teeth before they
feeding young children relative to sugar
erupt. children can also gain weight, as juice calories do not replace food calories
drinks and fruit juices, and portion sizes
the way actual fruit does with its fiber and solids
-young children should eat two-things of adult-sized portions
Scribble Stage: 2-4
Preschematic Stage: 4-6
Six stages of growth and development in Schematic Stage: 7-9
art and age ranges Dawning Realism: 9-11
Pseudorealistic: 11-13
Period of Decision: 14+
From 2 to 4 years, children first make uncontrolled scribbles, then controlled
Scribble Stage
scribbling, then progress to naming their scribbles to indicate what they represent.
From ages 4 to 6, children begin to develop a visual schema. Without complete
comprehension of dimensions and sizes, children may draw people and houses
Preschematic Stage
the same height; they use color more emotionally than logically. They may omit or
exaggerate facial features, or they might draw sizes by importance
Schematic Stage From 7 to 9 years, drawings more reflect actual physical proportions and colors.
Dawning Realism From ages 9 to 11, drawings become increasingly representational
Pseudorealistic stage From ages 11 to 13, children reflect their ability to reason
Period of decision stage Children ages 14+ reflect the adolescent identify crisis
-Taught art to elementary school students and sculpture to blind students.
Viktor Lowenfeld Background -Friends with Sigmund Freud who motivated him to pursue scientific research
-Published several books on using creative arts activities therapeutically
-He was familiar with the six stages in the growth of art
Viktor Lowenfeld's contributions to the six
-Combined these with principles of human development drawn from the school
stages of art development
of psychoanalytic psychology founded by Freud
, -identified adolescent learning styles and corresponding instructional
approaches
Viktor Lowenfeld's contributions to art -His book Creative and Mental Growth was the most influential text in art
education education during the later 20th century. This book gave scientific foundations to
creative and artistic expression and identified developmentally age appropriate
art media and activities.
-a 2.5 year old can grasp a crayon and scribble with it, but by the age of 4, they
can draw a picture we recognize as human
-a typical 4-year-old drawing of a human is called a tadpole person because it
Summarize some examples of
has no body, a large head, and stick limbs.
characteristics in young children's art that
-between the ages of 3 and 4, children make a transition from scribbling to
reflect their perceptual, cognitive, and
producing tadpole person drawings
motor development
-greater development in motor control and hand-eye coordination
-between ages 4 and 5, children make another transition by progressing from
drawing tadpole persons to drawing complete figures with heads and bodies
-Infants respond to the sounds of voices and to music. These responses are not
only to auditory stimulation but moreover to the emotional content in what they
hear
Explain some ways music is involved in -Parents sing lullabies to babies which help children develop trust in their
the development of infants and young environment as secure
children -Parents communicate their love to children through singing and introduce them
to experiences of pleasure and excitement through music
-music progresses to be not only a medium of communication but also one of
self-expression as they learn to sing and play musical sounds
-Music facilitates memory, as we see through commercial jingles and mnemonic
devices
-music improves spatial reasoning
Explain some ways music enhances child -perceptual and logical concepts like beginning and ending, sequences, cause-
development and-effect, balance, harmony and dissonance, and mathematical number and
timing concepts
-language development
-colors, counting, conceptual relationships, nature, and social skills
Music is a great aid to emotional development in that younger children can
Describe how musical activities enhance
express happiness, sadness, anger, and more through singing and/or playing
the emotional skills of young children
music more easily than they can with words
children of preschool ages not only listen to music and respond to what they hear,
but they also learn to create music through singing and playing instruments
Describe how musical activities enhance
together with other children. These activities help them learn crucial social skills
the social skills of young children
for their lives, like cooperating with others, collaborating, and making group or
team efforts to accomplish something
when children are given guided musical experiences, they learn to make their own
Describe how musical activities enhance
judgments of what is good or bad music; this provides them with the foundations
the aesthetic skills of young children
for developing an aesthetic sense
Music promotes pre literacy skills by enhancing phonemic awareness. As growing
Describe how musical activities enhance
children develop musical appreciation and skills, these develop fundamental
the school readiness skills of young
motor, cognitive, and social skills they need for language, school readiness,
children
literacy, and life.
Discuss some ways that sensory Preschool children's thinking is strongly based upon and connected to their
characteristics of cognitive development sensory perceptions. This means that in solving problems, they depend mainly on
in young children dictate what kinds of how things look, sound, feel, smell, and taste. Therefore, preschool children
premathematical learning experiences should always be given concrete objects that they can touch, explore, and
would benefit them experiment with in any learning experience.
,Discuss some ways that concrete They are not yet capable of understanding abstract concepts or manipulating
characteristics of cognitive development information mentally, so they must have real things to work with to understand
in young children dictate what kinds of premath concepts. They cannot benefit from rote math memorization or "sit still
premathematical learning experiences and listen" lessons
would benefit them
Discuss some ways that centration Since young children "centrate" on one characteristic, object, person, or event at a
characteristics of cognitive development time, adults can offer activities encouraging decentration/incorporating multiple
in young children dictate what kinds of aspects (grouping all red triangles separately from blue triangles)
premathematical learning experiences
would benefit them
-early childhood physical growth is slower than infant growth
-from birth to 2 years, children generally grow to 4 times their newborn weight
and 2/3 their newborn length/height
-From 2-3 years, children usually gain only about 4lbs and 3.5 inches
-From 4-6 years, growth slows more with gains of 5-7lbs and 2.5 inches
Describe some salient aspects of typical
-3 and 4 year olds appear to eat less food but actually just eat fewer calories per
early childhood physical development,
pound of body weight
including brain growth.
-brains attain 55% of adult size by 2 years and 90% by 6 years
-The majority of brain growth is around 4/4.5 years, with a growth spurt around 2
years and growth rates slowing significantly between 5 and 6 years
-Larger brain size indicates larger neurons, differences in their organization, more
glial cells nourishing and supporting neurons, and greater myelination.
the physical development of babies and young children is a product of the
interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Also, a child's physical
progress is equally influenced by environmental and psychological variables. For
Discuss the nature-nurture interaction in
the body, brain, and nervous system to grow and develop normally, children must
early childhood physical development.
live in healthy environments. When the interaction of hereditary and
environmental influences is not healthful, this is frequently reflected in abnormal
patterns of growth.
Failure to thrive syndrome is a dramatic example. When children are abused or
neglected for long periods of time, they actually stop growing. the social
Use the failure to thrive syndrome as an environments of such children create psychological stress. This stress makes the
example of the nature-nurture interaction child's pituitary gland stop releasing growth hormones, and growth ceases. When
in early childhood physical development such environmental stress is relieved and these children are given proper care,
stimulation, and affection, they begin growing again. They often grow rapidly
enough to catch up on the the growth they missed earlier.
-genetics, physiological maturation, nutrition, and experience through practice
combine to further preschoolers' motor skills development
-Newborns' reflexive behaviors progress to preschoolers' voluntary activities
-children's perception of the size, shape, and position of the body and boy parts
becomes more accurate by preschool ages
-increases in bilateral coordination of the body's two sides enhance preschoolers'
Discuss some significant signs of progress
motor skills
in the typical motor development of
-motor skills development entails both learning new movements and gradually
young children
integrating previously learned movements into smooth, continuous patterns, as in
learning to throw a ball with skill. Both large muscles and small muscles develop
-Hand-eye coordination involves fine-motor control
-preschoolers use visual feedback, seeing whether they are making things go
where and do what they want them to, in learning to manipulate small objects with
their hands and fingers
, Boys: have larger muscles so they can run faster, climb higher, and jump farther.
Tend to be more muscular physically. Usually exceed girls in large-muscle, gross
Identify some gender differences in early motor abilities like running, jumping, and climbing.
childhood motor development and Girls: Less muscular but on average are more mature physically for their ages.
generally characterize how overall Tend to surpass boys in small-muscle, fine motor abilities like buttoning, scissors,
physical and motor development and small tools. More advanced in gross-motor skills that do not demand strength
compares between genders so much as coordination like hopping, balancing, and skipping.
It is also found that motor development patterns are generally more similar than
different overall.
-Newborns cannot yet focus on distant objects
-infants younger than 5 months cannot sit up unsupported
-toddlers who have not yet attained stable walking gaits cannot hop or balance
upon one foot successfully
Give some general examples of how
-children younger than six years cannot physically sit still for long periods and
maturational factors affect the
have not developed long enough attention spans to prevent distraction, which is
development and learning of babies and
why first grade starts at age six and kindergarten classes feature varieties of
young children
shorter-term activities and more physical movement
-younger children have not yet developed the self-regulation to keep from
shouting out on impulse, getting up and running around, behaviors disruptive to
formal schooling but developmentally normal
-babies are typically nourished via the mother's milk or infant formula, then with
baby food
-young children mostly eat the same foods as adults by the age of 2
-young children have similar nutritional needs as adults, though they eat smaller
quantities
-calcium can be more important in early childhood to support the rapid bone
growth occurring during this period
Discuss some general guidelines -young children should receive 2-3 servings of dairy products and/or other
regarding nutritional factors in diet that calcium-rich foods
affect early childhood development -for all ages, whole-grain foods are nutritionally superior for their fiber and
nutrient than refined flours, which have had these removed
-refined flours provide empty calories causing wider blood-sugar fluctuations and
insulin, type 2 diabetes risk, than whole grains, which stabilize blood sugar and
offer more naturally occurring vitamins and minerals
-darkly and brightly colored produce are more nutritious
-adults should cut foods into small, bite-sized pieces to prevent choking in young
children who have not yet perfected their biting, chewing, and swallowing skills.
-good protein sources include legumes, nuts, lean poultry, and fish.
Summarize some considerations for early -Serving nut butters instead of whole nuts is safer, but spread thinly on whole-
childhood nutrition involving protein grain breads, crackers, or vegetable pieces, because young children can choke
on large globs
-raw or lightly steamed veggies are best because excess heat destroys nutrients
and frying adds fat calories
Summarize some considerations for early -fresh, in-season, and flash-frozen fruits are more nutritious and less processed
childhood nutrition involving produce than canned.
-adults should monitor young children's diets to limit highly processed produce,
which can have excessive sugar, salt, or preservatives
-Omega-3 fatty acids from salmon, mackerel, herring, flaxseeds, and walnuts
control inflammation, prevent heart arrhythmias, and lower blood pressure
-monounsaturated fats from avocados, olives, peanuts, and their oils, as well as
Summarize some considerations for early canola oil. prevent heart disease, lower bad cholesterol, and raise good
childhood nutrition involving fats cholesterol
-polyunsaturated fats from nuts and seeds from corn, soy, sesame, sunflower, and
safflower oils lower cholesterol.
-These fats should be served in moderation, and saturated fats should be avoided.
