WGU D440 Nutrition OA Exam Study Guide (2026) | Victoria, Kareem
& Stephanie Guide | Guarantee Pass 250
Practice Questions 1–250
1. Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for the brain?
A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Carbohydrate
D) Vitamins
Answer C: Carbohydrate
Rationale: The brain relies almost exclusively on glucose, which is
derived from carbohydrates, for energy.
,2. A patient with chronic kidney disease stage 4 is following a renal
diet. Which combination of nutritional modifications best addresses
both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis while minimizing protein
catabolism?
A) Increase phosphorus binders, restrict potassium, and supplement
with sodium bicarbonate
B) Restrict potassium, increase high-biological-value protein, and
supplement with ketoanalogues
C) Increase potassium, restrict protein, and supplement with omega-
3 fatty acids
D) Restrict phosphorus, increase potassium, and use calcium-based
binders
Answer B: Restrict potassium, increase high-biological-value
protein, and supplement with ketoanalogues
Rationale: In CKD, hyperkalemia requires potassium restriction. High-
biological-value protein provides essential amino acids with less
waste, and ketoanalogues help reduce nitrogenous waste while
meeting protein needs.
,3. Which vitamin deficiency is characterized by pernicious anemia
and neurological symptoms?
A) Folic acid
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer B: Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production and
myelin synthesis. Deficiency causes pernicious anemia and
neurological issues.
4. A patient with heart failure is on a fluid-restricted diet. Which of
the following is an appropriate nursing intervention?
A) Encourage the patient to drink all fluids in the morning
B) Spread fluid intake evenly throughout the day
C) Restrict fluids to only during meals
D) Allow unlimited ice chips
Answer B: Spread fluid intake evenly throughout the day
Rationale: Spreading fluids helps prevent fluid overload and reduces
the risk of exacerbating heart failure symptoms.
, 5. Which laboratory value is the best indicator of long-term
glycemic control in a patient with diabetes?
A) Fasting blood glucose
B) 2-hour postprandial glucose
C) Hemoglobin A1c
D) Urine glucose
Answer C: Hemoglobin A1c
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose levels over
the previous 2-3 months, making it the gold standard for long-term
glycemic control.
6. A patient is prescribed a clear liquid diet. Which of the following
items is permitted?
A) Milk
B) Orange juice with pulp
C) Clear broth
D) Pureed vegetables
Answer C: Clear broth
& Stephanie Guide | Guarantee Pass 250
Practice Questions 1–250
1. Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for the brain?
A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Carbohydrate
D) Vitamins
Answer C: Carbohydrate
Rationale: The brain relies almost exclusively on glucose, which is
derived from carbohydrates, for energy.
,2. A patient with chronic kidney disease stage 4 is following a renal
diet. Which combination of nutritional modifications best addresses
both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis while minimizing protein
catabolism?
A) Increase phosphorus binders, restrict potassium, and supplement
with sodium bicarbonate
B) Restrict potassium, increase high-biological-value protein, and
supplement with ketoanalogues
C) Increase potassium, restrict protein, and supplement with omega-
3 fatty acids
D) Restrict phosphorus, increase potassium, and use calcium-based
binders
Answer B: Restrict potassium, increase high-biological-value
protein, and supplement with ketoanalogues
Rationale: In CKD, hyperkalemia requires potassium restriction. High-
biological-value protein provides essential amino acids with less
waste, and ketoanalogues help reduce nitrogenous waste while
meeting protein needs.
,3. Which vitamin deficiency is characterized by pernicious anemia
and neurological symptoms?
A) Folic acid
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer B: Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production and
myelin synthesis. Deficiency causes pernicious anemia and
neurological issues.
4. A patient with heart failure is on a fluid-restricted diet. Which of
the following is an appropriate nursing intervention?
A) Encourage the patient to drink all fluids in the morning
B) Spread fluid intake evenly throughout the day
C) Restrict fluids to only during meals
D) Allow unlimited ice chips
Answer B: Spread fluid intake evenly throughout the day
Rationale: Spreading fluids helps prevent fluid overload and reduces
the risk of exacerbating heart failure symptoms.
, 5. Which laboratory value is the best indicator of long-term
glycemic control in a patient with diabetes?
A) Fasting blood glucose
B) 2-hour postprandial glucose
C) Hemoglobin A1c
D) Urine glucose
Answer C: Hemoglobin A1c
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose levels over
the previous 2-3 months, making it the gold standard for long-term
glycemic control.
6. A patient is prescribed a clear liquid diet. Which of the following
items is permitted?
A) Milk
B) Orange juice with pulp
C) Clear broth
D) Pureed vegetables
Answer C: Clear broth
