@
Instructor’s Resource Manual
A
and Test Bank
pl
For
Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession
us
Eighth Edition
stu
Samuel T. Gladding, Wake Forrest University
Prepared by
vi
Nathaniel Ivers, Wake Forrest University
a
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City Sao Paolo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
@Aplusstuvia
, CHAPTER 1 - PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ASPECTS OF COUNSELING
Definition of counseling:
Grew out of the progressive guidance movement of the early 1900s with an emphasis on
prevention and purposefulness.
From 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling, counseling is “a professional
relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish
mental health, wellness, education, and career goals.
o Emphasizes wellness, personal growth, career, education, and empowerment
@
concerns
o Is conducted with persons individually, in groups, and in families
o Is diverse and multicultural
o Is a dynamic process
A
The effectiveness of a counselor and of counseling depends on numerous variables including:
The personality and background of the counselor,
pl
Formal education of the counselor, and
The ability of the counselor to engage in professional counseling-related activities such as
continuing education, supervision, advocacy, and the building of a portfolio.
us
The Personality and Background of the Counselor
Negative Motivators for Becoming a Counselor
Not everyone is cut out to be a counselor. Inappropriate reasons for entering counseling
stu
include:
o Emotional distress – unresolved emotional traumas
o Vicarious coping – living life through your clients or others rather than having
meaningful relationships yourself
o Loneliness and isolation – seeking friendships through counseling others
o A desire for power – seeking to control others who feel powerless in their own
vi
lives
o A need for love – individuals who are self-absorbed and believe problems are
resolved through love and tenderness alone: They think they can give these to the
a
client.
o Vicarious rebellion – unresolved anger; acting out their own thoughts and feelings
through their clients’ defiant behaviors
Personal Qualities of an Effective Counselor
Curiosity and inquisitiveness
Ability to listen
Comfort with conversation
3
Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
@Aplusstuvia
, Empathy and understanding
Emotional insightfulness
Introspection
Capacity for self-denial
Tolerance of intimacy
Comfort with power
Ability to laugh
Qualities of Effective Counselors over Time
@
Intellectual competence
Energy
Flexibility
Support
Goodwill
A
Self-awareness
Maintaining Effectiveness as a Counselor
pl
Handling stressful life events while still counseling others can result in synchronicity,
events that occur coincidentally result in a meaningful connection. In other words,
handling one’s own life events may enhance his/her counseling.
Remain objective, accepting and confronting situations, asserting own wishes,
us
participating in a wellness lifestyle, and grieving.
o Counselors who have healthy lifestyles and learn from their mistakes and
successes are more likely to be effective with their clients.
o Those who wish to enter the profession need to adapt to losses as well as gains
stu
and remain relatively free from destructive triangling patterns (i.e., mom tells
daughter about frustration with dad, dad tells daughter about frustrations with
mom).
Avoid problematic behaviors, such as burnout.
o Burnout is the state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the point
that one cannot perform functions meaningfully. Counselors must develop
vi
interests outside counseling and avoid taking their work home.
o Ways to prevent burnout:
Associate with healthy individuals.
Work with committed colleagues and organizations that have a sense of
a
mission.
Be reasonably committed to a theory of counseling.
Use stress-reduction exercises.
Modify environmental stressors.
Engage in self-assessment.
Periodically examine and clarify counseling roles, expectations, and
beliefs.
Obtain personal therapy.
4
Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
@Aplusstuvia
, Set aside free and private time.
Maintain an attitude of detached concern when working with clients.
Retain an attitude of hope.
Professional Aspects of Counseling
Levels of Helping
o Nonprofessional helpers
Friends, colleagues, untrained volunteers, or supervisors
Various degrees of wisdom and skills
No specific educational requirements, level of helping varies
@
o Generalist human services workers
Have some formal training in human relations skills but work as part of a
team
Mental health technicians, child care workers, probation personnel, and
youth counselors
A
o Professional helpers
Educated to provide assistance on both a preventive and a remedial level
Counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, psychiatric
pl
nurses, and marriage and family therapists
Have specialized advanced degrees and have had supervised internships
Professional Helping Specialties
o Counselors frequently interact with psychiatrists, psychologists, and social
us
workers:
Psychiatrists – have an MD and complete a residency in psychiatry. They
work with people who have major psychological disorders. They work
within the biomedical model and prescribe medicine for disorders. Their
clients are called patients. They must pass a national and state exam.
stu
Psychologists – have a doctorate of philosophy (Ph.D.), doctorate of
education (Ed.D.), or a doctor of psychology (Psy.D.). Coursework and
internships are centered on clinical, counseling, or school-related areas.
State licensures vary. Clinical counselors are usually listed in the national
Register of Health Service Providers.
Social workers – usually earn a master’s of social work degree (M.S.W.);
vi
however, some universities grant a bachelor’s of social work. Some
M.S.W.s have advanced training at the doctoral level. All social workers
have completed internships in social agencies.
The Education of Professional Counselors
a
o Professional counselors hold either a master’s or doctorate (or both) in counseling
and complete internships in specialty areas. They are usually certified by the
National Board of Certified Counselors (NBCC) and/or are licensed by a state.
o Standards for CACREP approved master’s degree programs are listed in your
text.
5
Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
@Aplusstuvia
Instructor’s Resource Manual
A
and Test Bank
pl
For
Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession
us
Eighth Edition
stu
Samuel T. Gladding, Wake Forrest University
Prepared by
vi
Nathaniel Ivers, Wake Forrest University
a
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City Sao Paolo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
@Aplusstuvia
, CHAPTER 1 - PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ASPECTS OF COUNSELING
Definition of counseling:
Grew out of the progressive guidance movement of the early 1900s with an emphasis on
prevention and purposefulness.
From 20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling, counseling is “a professional
relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish
mental health, wellness, education, and career goals.
o Emphasizes wellness, personal growth, career, education, and empowerment
@
concerns
o Is conducted with persons individually, in groups, and in families
o Is diverse and multicultural
o Is a dynamic process
A
The effectiveness of a counselor and of counseling depends on numerous variables including:
The personality and background of the counselor,
pl
Formal education of the counselor, and
The ability of the counselor to engage in professional counseling-related activities such as
continuing education, supervision, advocacy, and the building of a portfolio.
us
The Personality and Background of the Counselor
Negative Motivators for Becoming a Counselor
Not everyone is cut out to be a counselor. Inappropriate reasons for entering counseling
stu
include:
o Emotional distress – unresolved emotional traumas
o Vicarious coping – living life through your clients or others rather than having
meaningful relationships yourself
o Loneliness and isolation – seeking friendships through counseling others
o A desire for power – seeking to control others who feel powerless in their own
vi
lives
o A need for love – individuals who are self-absorbed and believe problems are
resolved through love and tenderness alone: They think they can give these to the
a
client.
o Vicarious rebellion – unresolved anger; acting out their own thoughts and feelings
through their clients’ defiant behaviors
Personal Qualities of an Effective Counselor
Curiosity and inquisitiveness
Ability to listen
Comfort with conversation
3
Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
@Aplusstuvia
, Empathy and understanding
Emotional insightfulness
Introspection
Capacity for self-denial
Tolerance of intimacy
Comfort with power
Ability to laugh
Qualities of Effective Counselors over Time
@
Intellectual competence
Energy
Flexibility
Support
Goodwill
A
Self-awareness
Maintaining Effectiveness as a Counselor
pl
Handling stressful life events while still counseling others can result in synchronicity,
events that occur coincidentally result in a meaningful connection. In other words,
handling one’s own life events may enhance his/her counseling.
Remain objective, accepting and confronting situations, asserting own wishes,
us
participating in a wellness lifestyle, and grieving.
o Counselors who have healthy lifestyles and learn from their mistakes and
successes are more likely to be effective with their clients.
o Those who wish to enter the profession need to adapt to losses as well as gains
stu
and remain relatively free from destructive triangling patterns (i.e., mom tells
daughter about frustration with dad, dad tells daughter about frustrations with
mom).
Avoid problematic behaviors, such as burnout.
o Burnout is the state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the point
that one cannot perform functions meaningfully. Counselors must develop
vi
interests outside counseling and avoid taking their work home.
o Ways to prevent burnout:
Associate with healthy individuals.
Work with committed colleagues and organizations that have a sense of
a
mission.
Be reasonably committed to a theory of counseling.
Use stress-reduction exercises.
Modify environmental stressors.
Engage in self-assessment.
Periodically examine and clarify counseling roles, expectations, and
beliefs.
Obtain personal therapy.
4
Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
@Aplusstuvia
, Set aside free and private time.
Maintain an attitude of detached concern when working with clients.
Retain an attitude of hope.
Professional Aspects of Counseling
Levels of Helping
o Nonprofessional helpers
Friends, colleagues, untrained volunteers, or supervisors
Various degrees of wisdom and skills
No specific educational requirements, level of helping varies
@
o Generalist human services workers
Have some formal training in human relations skills but work as part of a
team
Mental health technicians, child care workers, probation personnel, and
youth counselors
A
o Professional helpers
Educated to provide assistance on both a preventive and a remedial level
Counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, psychiatric
pl
nurses, and marriage and family therapists
Have specialized advanced degrees and have had supervised internships
Professional Helping Specialties
o Counselors frequently interact with psychiatrists, psychologists, and social
us
workers:
Psychiatrists – have an MD and complete a residency in psychiatry. They
work with people who have major psychological disorders. They work
within the biomedical model and prescribe medicine for disorders. Their
clients are called patients. They must pass a national and state exam.
stu
Psychologists – have a doctorate of philosophy (Ph.D.), doctorate of
education (Ed.D.), or a doctor of psychology (Psy.D.). Coursework and
internships are centered on clinical, counseling, or school-related areas.
State licensures vary. Clinical counselors are usually listed in the national
Register of Health Service Providers.
Social workers – usually earn a master’s of social work degree (M.S.W.);
vi
however, some universities grant a bachelor’s of social work. Some
M.S.W.s have advanced training at the doctoral level. All social workers
have completed internships in social agencies.
The Education of Professional Counselors
a
o Professional counselors hold either a master’s or doctorate (or both) in counseling
and complete internships in specialty areas. They are usually certified by the
National Board of Certified Counselors (NBCC) and/or are licensed by a state.
o Standards for CACREP approved master’s degree programs are listed in your
text.
5
Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
@Aplusstuvia
