NURSING FUNDAMENTALS & CLINICAL SKILLS: 200-QUESTION COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAM

NURSING FUNDAMENTALS & CLINICAL SKILLS: 200-QUESTION COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAM Question 1. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has hypertension. Which of the following food choices demonstrates understanding of a low-sodium diet? A. Canned tomato soup with a grilled cheese sandwich B. Homemade vinegar and oil dressing on a fresh salad C. Deli ham sandwich with pickles D. Canned vegetable soup with saltine crackers Correct Answer: B Rationale: Homemade vinegar and oil dressing contains significantly less sodium than bottled dressings. Canned soups and processed meats are high in sodium. Adding salt during cooking still increases sodium content. --- Question 2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a mammogram. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Schedule the test during the week of menstruation B. Refrain from using deodorant on the morning of the test C. Avoid eating or drinking for 8 hours prior to the test D. Take a mild analgesic 1 hour before the procedure Correct Answer: B Rationale: Deodorants, antiperspirants, powders, and lotions can contain particles that may appear as calcifications on the mammogram image. The test should be scheduled after menstruation when breasts are less tender. No fasting is required. Analgesics are not routinely needed. --- SECTION B: Medication Administration Question 3. A nurse is preparing a client's insulin regimen. Which of the following insulins can be mixed? A. Insulin detemir B. Insulin glargine C. Insulin aspart, regular insulin, insulin lispro D. Insulin degludec Correct Answer: C Rationale: Insulin aspart, regular insulin, and insulin lispro can be mixed with each other or with NPH. Insulin glargine (Lantus) and insulin detemir (Levemir) should NOT be mixed with any other insulin. Insulin degludec (Tresiba) should not be mixed. --- Question 4. A nurse is preparing to administer a liquid medication to a 6-month-old infant who is crying. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk of aspiration? A. Administer using a needleless syringe in the buccal cavity B. Hold the infant supine and pour slowly C. Mix the medication with a full bottle of formula D. Administer while the infant is lying flat Correct Answer: A Rationale: Administering medication slowly into the buccal cavity (between gum and cheek) using a needleless syringe allows the infant to swallow safely and reduces aspiration risk. The infant should be in an upright or semi-reclined position, not supine. Medications should not be mixed with full bottles as the infant may not consume the entire feeding. --- SECTION C: Urinary Catheterization & Elimination Question 5. A nurse is preparing to catheterize a client's bladder to check for residual urine. The nurse should schedule this procedure at which of the following times? A. Immediately before the client voids B. Right after the client voids C. First thing in the morning D. Immediately after a meal Correct Answer: B Rationale: Residual urine is measured by catheterizing the bladder immediately after the client voids to determine how much urine remains in the bladder. Normal residual volume is less than 50-100 mL. --- Question 6. A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client. To reduce the risk of a needlestick injury, the nurse should take which of the following actions? A. Recap the needle using a one-handed scoop technique B. Dispose of the used needle immediately in a puncture-proof sharps container C. Remove the needle from the syringe before disposal D. Bend the needle before discarding Correct Answer: B Rationale: Used needles should be disposed of immediately in a puncture-proof sharps container without recapping, bending, or breaking. The one-handed scoop technique is only used when recapping is unavoidable (rare). Needles should not be removed from syringes before disposal. --- Question 7. A nurse is removing a female client's indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Cut the catheter near the inflation port B. Withdraw the fluid from the catheter's balloon C. Ask the client to bear down during removal D. Remove the catheter while the balloon is still inflated Correct Answer: B Rationale: The nurse must first withdraw the fluid from the balloon using a syringe before gently removing the catheter. Cutting the catheter or removing with balloon inflated can cause trauma. Bearing down may help but is not the primary action. --- Question 8. A nurse is applying a condom catheter to a male client who is incontinent. Which of the following is an appropriate technique to use? A. Apply tape directly to the penis to secure the catheter B. Leave space between the tip of the penis and the end of the condom catheter C. Pull the pubic hair before applying the catheter D. Apply the catheter with the penis in a dependent position Correct Answer: B Rationale: Leaving 2.5-5 cm (1-2 inches) of space between the tip of the penis and the end of the condom catheter prevents irritation and allows for urine flow. Tape should never be applied directly to skin. Pubic hair should be trimmed, not pulled. The penis should be held in a neutral position.