Genetics & Heredity
41. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A. Cell
B. Gene
C. Protein
D. Tissue
Answer: B. Gene
Explanation: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains information influencing a particular trait
or biological function. Genes are passed from parents to offspring.
42. Which molecule carries genetic information in most living organisms?
A. ATP
B. Lipid
C. DNA
D. Glucose
Answer: C. DNA
Explanation: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, stores the genetic instructions used for growth,
development, functioning, and reproduction.
43. What is the full name of DNA?
A. Deoxyribonucleic acid
B. Dinucleic acid
C. Deoxyribose nucleic atom
D. Double nucleic acid
Answer: A. Deoxyribonucleic acid
Explanation: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It consists of nucleotide units and forms
the genetic material of organisms.
44. Which four bases are found in DNA?
A. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
B. Adenine, uracil, cytosine, and glucose
C. Thymine, uracil, guanine, and ribose
D. Cytosine, glucose, adenine, and thymine
Answer: A. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
, Explanation: DNA contains four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and
guanine (G).
45. Which DNA bases pair with each other?
A. A–C and T–G
B. A–T and C–G
C. A–G and C–T
D. A–U and C–G
Answer: B. A–T and C–G
Explanation: In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, while cytosine pairs with guanine. These
complementary base pairs help maintain the structure of the DNA molecule.
46. What is the shape of a DNA molecule commonly described as?
A. Single circle
B. Double helix
C. Flat sheet
D. Triple spiral
Answer: B. Double helix
Explanation: DNA consists of two complementary strands twisted around each other, forming a
structure known as a double helix.
47. What is a chromosome?
A. A type of carbohydrate
B. A structure containing DNA and associated proteins
C. A cellular energy molecule
D. A type of cell membrane
Answer: B. A structure containing DNA and associated proteins
Explanation: Chromosomes are organized structures made primarily of DNA and proteins. They
contain many genes.
48. Where are chromosomes located in the nucleus of a typical eukaryotic cell?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell wall
D. Ribosome
41. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A. Cell
B. Gene
C. Protein
D. Tissue
Answer: B. Gene
Explanation: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains information influencing a particular trait
or biological function. Genes are passed from parents to offspring.
42. Which molecule carries genetic information in most living organisms?
A. ATP
B. Lipid
C. DNA
D. Glucose
Answer: C. DNA
Explanation: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, stores the genetic instructions used for growth,
development, functioning, and reproduction.
43. What is the full name of DNA?
A. Deoxyribonucleic acid
B. Dinucleic acid
C. Deoxyribose nucleic atom
D. Double nucleic acid
Answer: A. Deoxyribonucleic acid
Explanation: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It consists of nucleotide units and forms
the genetic material of organisms.
44. Which four bases are found in DNA?
A. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
B. Adenine, uracil, cytosine, and glucose
C. Thymine, uracil, guanine, and ribose
D. Cytosine, glucose, adenine, and thymine
Answer: A. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
, Explanation: DNA contains four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and
guanine (G).
45. Which DNA bases pair with each other?
A. A–C and T–G
B. A–T and C–G
C. A–G and C–T
D. A–U and C–G
Answer: B. A–T and C–G
Explanation: In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, while cytosine pairs with guanine. These
complementary base pairs help maintain the structure of the DNA molecule.
46. What is the shape of a DNA molecule commonly described as?
A. Single circle
B. Double helix
C. Flat sheet
D. Triple spiral
Answer: B. Double helix
Explanation: DNA consists of two complementary strands twisted around each other, forming a
structure known as a double helix.
47. What is a chromosome?
A. A type of carbohydrate
B. A structure containing DNA and associated proteins
C. A cellular energy molecule
D. A type of cell membrane
Answer: B. A structure containing DNA and associated proteins
Explanation: Chromosomes are organized structures made primarily of DNA and proteins. They
contain many genes.
48. Where are chromosomes located in the nucleus of a typical eukaryotic cell?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell wall
D. Ribosome
