NR565 Pharmacology Final
11-year-old child - ANS-Flu Vaccine
Tdap
HPV
Meningococcal
12-month-old child - ANS-Hep B
Hib
PCV13
Flu Vaccine
MMR
VAR
Hep A
1st Step Therapy for Asthma Treatment - ANS-SABA PRN
2nd Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-SABA PRN + Low dose IGC
3rd Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-Ages 0-4: SABA PRN + Medium-dose IGC
Ages 5-Adult: SABA PRN + Low-dose IGC + LABA or LTRA or theophylline OR Medium-dose
IGC
4-month-old child Vaccine - ANS-Rotavirus
DTaP
Hib
PCV13
IPV
4th Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-Ages 0-11: SABA PRN + Medium-dose IGC
plus
LABA or montelukast
Ages 12-Adult: Medium-dose IGC + LABA
5th Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-Ages 0-4: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC + LABA
or Montelukast
Ages 5-11: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC +
LABA
,Ages 12-Adult: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC + LABA
AND consider omalizumab for patients with allergies
6th Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-Ages 0-4: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC +
LABA/montelukast + Oral glucocorticoids
Ages 5-11: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC + LABA +
Oral glucocorticoids
Ages 12-Adult: High-dose IGC + LABA + Oral glucocorticoids and Consider omalizumab for
patients with allergies
Advantages of Inhaled Route of Anti-Asthma Drugs - ANS-(1) therapeutic effects are enhanced
by delivering drugs directly to their site of action, (2) systemic effects are minimized, and (3)
relief of acute attacks is rapid.
Alosetron (Lotronex) - ANS-approved only for treating women with severe IBS-D that has lasted
for 6 months or more and has not responded to conventional treatment.
Alosetron Black Box Warning - ANS-Can cause ischemic colitis (intestinal damage secondary to
reduced blood flow)
Alosetron CONTRAINDICATIONS/PRECAUTIONS - ANS-Contraindicated for clients who have
chronic constipation, history of bowel obstruction, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, impaired
intestinal circulation, diverticulitis, or thrombophlebitis.
Antacid and Drug Interaction - ANS--can influence affects of other drugs (ranitidine, cimetidine,
sucralfate)
-interactions can be minimized by providing a gap of 1 hour between taking antacids and these
other drugs.
Antacid and Sodium Loading - ANS--Some agents contain substantial amounts of sodium
-Sodium excess can exacerbate hypertension and heart failure, patients with these disorders
should avoid preparations that have high sodium content.
Antacid Patient Teaching Consitpation/Diarrhea - ANS--Some agents can cause diarrhea or
constipation
-Patients should be taught to adjust the dosage of one agent or the other to normalize bowel
function.
Antacid Uses - ANS-Primary indication is treatment of PUD; Not first line of treatment as
alternate therapies may be more convenient with less AE
, Antacids MOA - ANS-react with gastric acid to produce neutral salts or salts of low acidity; by
neutralizing acid, these drugs decrease destruction of the gut wall.
Anticholinergic Drugs Contraindication - ANS-patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma or an
enlarged prostate.
Anticholinergic Drugs MOA - ANS-blocks acetylcholine, preventing bronchial constriction and
narrowing of the airways, which indirectly facilitates bronchodilation.
improve lung function by blocking muscarinic receptors in the bronchi, reducing
bronchoconstriction.
Antidiarrheal drugs fall into two major groups - ANS-(1) specific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the
underlying causative agent
(2) nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the symptom but do not treat the agent
Antituberculosis regimens Guideline - ANS-must always contain two or more drugs to which the
infecting organism is sensitive.
Aprepitant (Emend) CYP450 Enzyme Interaction - ANS-Antiemetic drug; a substrate for,
inhibitor of, and inducer of CYP3A4; Warfarin Rifampin
Asthma Severity Classification Domains - ANS-Impairment and Risk.
Basal insulin replacement - ANS-50% of the total daily insulin dose which replaces insulin from
fasting (overnight) and between meals.
Biguanides Drug Class - ANS-Metformin
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) - ANS--popular over-the-counter medication that can be
used for upset stomach, diarrhea, heartburn, and general indigestion.
-antibacterial and antisecretory properties; used to treat traveler's diarrhea
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE - ANS-gray/black stools and black tongue from the
bismuth.
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication - ANS-contraindicated in children or
teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox or flu-like illness due to the risk of Reye's
syndrome and in individuals with aspirin hypersensitivity.
Black Box Warning for Montelukast (Singulair) - ANS-Drug is known to cause serious
neuropsychiatric effects such as agitation, aggression, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and
suicidal ideation.
11-year-old child - ANS-Flu Vaccine
Tdap
HPV
Meningococcal
12-month-old child - ANS-Hep B
Hib
PCV13
Flu Vaccine
MMR
VAR
Hep A
1st Step Therapy for Asthma Treatment - ANS-SABA PRN
2nd Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-SABA PRN + Low dose IGC
3rd Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-Ages 0-4: SABA PRN + Medium-dose IGC
Ages 5-Adult: SABA PRN + Low-dose IGC + LABA or LTRA or theophylline OR Medium-dose
IGC
4-month-old child Vaccine - ANS-Rotavirus
DTaP
Hib
PCV13
IPV
4th Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-Ages 0-11: SABA PRN + Medium-dose IGC
plus
LABA or montelukast
Ages 12-Adult: Medium-dose IGC + LABA
5th Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-Ages 0-4: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC + LABA
or Montelukast
Ages 5-11: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC +
LABA
,Ages 12-Adult: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC + LABA
AND consider omalizumab for patients with allergies
6th Step Therapy For Asthma Treatment - ANS-Ages 0-4: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC +
LABA/montelukast + Oral glucocorticoids
Ages 5-11: SABA PRN + High-dose IGC + LABA +
Oral glucocorticoids
Ages 12-Adult: High-dose IGC + LABA + Oral glucocorticoids and Consider omalizumab for
patients with allergies
Advantages of Inhaled Route of Anti-Asthma Drugs - ANS-(1) therapeutic effects are enhanced
by delivering drugs directly to their site of action, (2) systemic effects are minimized, and (3)
relief of acute attacks is rapid.
Alosetron (Lotronex) - ANS-approved only for treating women with severe IBS-D that has lasted
for 6 months or more and has not responded to conventional treatment.
Alosetron Black Box Warning - ANS-Can cause ischemic colitis (intestinal damage secondary to
reduced blood flow)
Alosetron CONTRAINDICATIONS/PRECAUTIONS - ANS-Contraindicated for clients who have
chronic constipation, history of bowel obstruction, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, impaired
intestinal circulation, diverticulitis, or thrombophlebitis.
Antacid and Drug Interaction - ANS--can influence affects of other drugs (ranitidine, cimetidine,
sucralfate)
-interactions can be minimized by providing a gap of 1 hour between taking antacids and these
other drugs.
Antacid and Sodium Loading - ANS--Some agents contain substantial amounts of sodium
-Sodium excess can exacerbate hypertension and heart failure, patients with these disorders
should avoid preparations that have high sodium content.
Antacid Patient Teaching Consitpation/Diarrhea - ANS--Some agents can cause diarrhea or
constipation
-Patients should be taught to adjust the dosage of one agent or the other to normalize bowel
function.
Antacid Uses - ANS-Primary indication is treatment of PUD; Not first line of treatment as
alternate therapies may be more convenient with less AE
, Antacids MOA - ANS-react with gastric acid to produce neutral salts or salts of low acidity; by
neutralizing acid, these drugs decrease destruction of the gut wall.
Anticholinergic Drugs Contraindication - ANS-patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma or an
enlarged prostate.
Anticholinergic Drugs MOA - ANS-blocks acetylcholine, preventing bronchial constriction and
narrowing of the airways, which indirectly facilitates bronchodilation.
improve lung function by blocking muscarinic receptors in the bronchi, reducing
bronchoconstriction.
Antidiarrheal drugs fall into two major groups - ANS-(1) specific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the
underlying causative agent
(2) nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the symptom but do not treat the agent
Antituberculosis regimens Guideline - ANS-must always contain two or more drugs to which the
infecting organism is sensitive.
Aprepitant (Emend) CYP450 Enzyme Interaction - ANS-Antiemetic drug; a substrate for,
inhibitor of, and inducer of CYP3A4; Warfarin Rifampin
Asthma Severity Classification Domains - ANS-Impairment and Risk.
Basal insulin replacement - ANS-50% of the total daily insulin dose which replaces insulin from
fasting (overnight) and between meals.
Biguanides Drug Class - ANS-Metformin
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) - ANS--popular over-the-counter medication that can be
used for upset stomach, diarrhea, heartburn, and general indigestion.
-antibacterial and antisecretory properties; used to treat traveler's diarrhea
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE - ANS-gray/black stools and black tongue from the
bismuth.
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication - ANS-contraindicated in children or
teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox or flu-like illness due to the risk of Reye's
syndrome and in individuals with aspirin hypersensitivity.
Black Box Warning for Montelukast (Singulair) - ANS-Drug is known to cause serious
neuropsychiatric effects such as agitation, aggression, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and
suicidal ideation.
