WGUl C180l Objectivel Assessment–l
Introductionl tol Psychologyl Reviewl
(Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l |l 100%l
Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Identifyl thel functionl ofl eachl ofl thesel fourl partsl ofl al neuronl andl itsl rolel inl
neurall communication.
Answer:
Celll Bodyl (Soma)-containsl thel nucleusl ofl thel celll andl keepsl thel celll alive
Dendrites-l branching,l treelikel fiberl whichl collectsl informationl froml otherl cellsl andl
sendsl thel informationl tol thel soma
Axon-al long,l segmentedl fiberl whichl transmitsl informationl awayl froml thel celll bodyl
towardl otherl neuronsl orl tol thel musclesl andl glands.
Myelinl Sheath-Coversl thel axonl ofl somel neuronsl andl helpsl speedl neurall impulses
Q:l Whatl isl al neurotransmitter?l Whatl arel somel examplesl ofl neurotransmitters?
Answer:
Neurochemicall messengersl thatl arel releasedl byl terminall buttonsl whenl anl actionl
potentiall triggersl them.l Al fewl examplesl ofl neurol transmittersl are:
ACh:l Usedl inl spinall cordl tol simulatel musclel contractionsl andl inl brainl tol regulatel
memory,l sleepingl andl dreaming.l Udersupplyl associatedl withl Alzheimer'sl disease.
Dopamine:l Usedl asl brainsl rewardl system.l Involvedl inl movement,l motivation,l andl
emotion.l Usedl inl learning.l Increasel =l Schizophrenia.l Underl supplyl =l Parkinsons
,Endorphins:l Releasedl inl responsel tol behaviorsl suchl asl exercise,l orgasam,l andl eating.l
Nataurall painl reliever.l Createsl al runnersl high.
GABA:l Majorl inhibitoryl neurotransmitter.l Linkedl tol sizures.
Glutamate:l causel overstimulation,l migraines,l andl seizurs.l Mostl commonl neurotransmitter.
Serotonin:l Inovlvedl inl mood,l appetite,l sleepl andl aggression.l Lowl levelsl associatedl withl
depressions.
Q:l Wherel arel neurotransmittersl stored?l Howl dol theyl communicatel betweenl neurons?
Answer:
Ifl thel signall reachesl thel terminall buttons,l theyl arel signaledl tol emitl chemicalsl knownl
asl neurotransmitters,l whichl communicatel withl otherl neuronsl acrossl thel spacesl betweenl
thel cells,l knownl asl synapses.
Q:l describel thel majorl functionsl forl eachl brainl part:
Answer:
Cerebellum-(literally,l "littlel brain")l consistsl ofl twol wrinkledl ovalsl behindl thel brainl
stem.l Itl functionsl tol coordinatel voluntaryl movement.
Hypothalamus-Throughl itsl manyl interactionsl withl otherl partsl ofl thel brain,l thel
hypothalamusl helpsl regulatel bodyl temperature,l hunger,l thirst,l andl sexl drivel andl
respondsl tol thel satisfactionl ofl thesel needsl byl creatingl feelingsl ofl pleasure.
Thalamus-thel egg-shapedl structurel sittingl justl abovel thel brainl steml thatl appliesl stilll
morel filteringl tol thel sensoryl informationl comingl froml thel spinall cordl andl throughl thel
reticularl formation,l andl itl relaysl somel ofl thesel remainingl signalsl tol thel higherl brainl
levels.
Corpusl callosum-l Regionl thatl connectsl twol halvesl ofl thel brainl andl supportsl
communication
Hippocampusl -Thel hippocampusl consistsl ofl twol "horns"l thatl curvel backl froml thel
amygdala.l Thel hippocampusl isl importantl inl storingl informationl inl long-terml memory.
,Frontall lobe-(behindl thel forehead),l whichl isl responsiblel primarilyl forl thinking,l planning,l
memory,l andl judgment.
Parietall lobe-parietall lobe,l whichl extendsl froml thel middlel tol thel backl ofl thel skulll andl
isl responsiblel primarilyl forl processingl informationl aboutl touch.
Temporall lobe-(prettyl muchl betweenl thel ears)l isl thel temporall lobe,l responsiblel
primarilyl forl hearingl andl language.
Occipitall lobe-occipitall lobe,l atl thel veryl backl ofl thel skull,l whichl processesl visuall
information.
Q:l describel thel majorl functionl forl eachl partl ofl thel endocrinel system,l whichl secretesl
chemicall messengersl calledl hormonesl thatl influencel ourl emotionsl andl behaviors.
Answer:
Pancreas-Regulatesl thel levell ofl bloodl sugarl inl thel blood
Testes-Secreatesl malel sexl hormones
Ovaries-Secreatesl femalel sexl hormones
Pituitaryl Gland-Secreatesl manyl differentl hormones,l somel ofl whichl affectl otherl glands
Q:l 1.l Whatl isl thel differencel betweenl sensationl andl perception?
Answer:
sensation—awarenessl resultingl froml thel stimulationl ofl al sensel organ
perception—thel organizationl andl interpretationl ofl sensations
Q:l 2.l Whatl isl thel definitionl forl thel terml absolutel threshold?
Answer:
thel intensityl ofl al stimulusl thatl allowsl anl organisml tol justl barelyl detectl it
, Q:l 3.l Whatl isl subliminall messaging?l Howl effectivel isl subliminall messaging?
Answer:
meansl "belowl thel threshold"l andl onlyl effectivel 50%l ofl thel time.
Al signall orl messagel designedl tol passl belowl (sub)l thel normall limitsl ofl perception.l Anl
inaudiblel tol thel consciousl mindl (butl audiblel tol thel unconsciousl orl deeperl mind)
Q:l Whatl isl top-downl processing?
Answer:
wel utilizel preexistingl expectanciesl andl experiencesl tol perceivel thel environment.l Forl
example,l ifl yourl friendl offersl youl al cartonl ofl milkl andl tellsl youl shel thinksl itl isl
spoiled,l thenl youl willl nowl experiencel thatl milkl usingl al top-downl process.l Yourl friendl
hasl createdl anl expectationl forl youl tol findl thatl thel milkl isl indeedl spoiled.l Ifl yourl
friendl hadl justl handedl thel milkl tol youl andl letl youl takel al drinkl forl yourself,l thenl youl
mayl notl havel foundl itl tol bel spoiledl atl all.
Q:l 5.l Whatl isl inattentionall blindness?
Answer:
thel abilityl tol focusl onl somel sensoryl inputsl whilel tuningl outl others.
Q:l Briefly,l describel Pavlov'sl earlyl workl inl classicall conditioning.
Answer:
Inl Pavlov'sl experiment,l thel soundl ofl thel tonel servedl asl thel conditionedl stimulusl that,l
afterl learning,l producedl thel conditionedl responsel (CR),l whichl isl thel acquiredl responsel
tol thel formerlyl neutrall stimulus.l Notel thatl thel URl andl thel CRl arel thel samel behavior—
inl thisl casel salivation—butl theyl arel givenl differentl namesl becausel theyl arel producedl
byl differentl stimulil (thel USl andl thel CS,l respectively).
Q:l Whatl isl classicall conditioning?
Introductionl tol Psychologyl Reviewl
(Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l |l 100%l
Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Identifyl thel functionl ofl eachl ofl thesel fourl partsl ofl al neuronl andl itsl rolel inl
neurall communication.
Answer:
Celll Bodyl (Soma)-containsl thel nucleusl ofl thel celll andl keepsl thel celll alive
Dendrites-l branching,l treelikel fiberl whichl collectsl informationl froml otherl cellsl andl
sendsl thel informationl tol thel soma
Axon-al long,l segmentedl fiberl whichl transmitsl informationl awayl froml thel celll bodyl
towardl otherl neuronsl orl tol thel musclesl andl glands.
Myelinl Sheath-Coversl thel axonl ofl somel neuronsl andl helpsl speedl neurall impulses
Q:l Whatl isl al neurotransmitter?l Whatl arel somel examplesl ofl neurotransmitters?
Answer:
Neurochemicall messengersl thatl arel releasedl byl terminall buttonsl whenl anl actionl
potentiall triggersl them.l Al fewl examplesl ofl neurol transmittersl are:
ACh:l Usedl inl spinall cordl tol simulatel musclel contractionsl andl inl brainl tol regulatel
memory,l sleepingl andl dreaming.l Udersupplyl associatedl withl Alzheimer'sl disease.
Dopamine:l Usedl asl brainsl rewardl system.l Involvedl inl movement,l motivation,l andl
emotion.l Usedl inl learning.l Increasel =l Schizophrenia.l Underl supplyl =l Parkinsons
,Endorphins:l Releasedl inl responsel tol behaviorsl suchl asl exercise,l orgasam,l andl eating.l
Nataurall painl reliever.l Createsl al runnersl high.
GABA:l Majorl inhibitoryl neurotransmitter.l Linkedl tol sizures.
Glutamate:l causel overstimulation,l migraines,l andl seizurs.l Mostl commonl neurotransmitter.
Serotonin:l Inovlvedl inl mood,l appetite,l sleepl andl aggression.l Lowl levelsl associatedl withl
depressions.
Q:l Wherel arel neurotransmittersl stored?l Howl dol theyl communicatel betweenl neurons?
Answer:
Ifl thel signall reachesl thel terminall buttons,l theyl arel signaledl tol emitl chemicalsl knownl
asl neurotransmitters,l whichl communicatel withl otherl neuronsl acrossl thel spacesl betweenl
thel cells,l knownl asl synapses.
Q:l describel thel majorl functionsl forl eachl brainl part:
Answer:
Cerebellum-(literally,l "littlel brain")l consistsl ofl twol wrinkledl ovalsl behindl thel brainl
stem.l Itl functionsl tol coordinatel voluntaryl movement.
Hypothalamus-Throughl itsl manyl interactionsl withl otherl partsl ofl thel brain,l thel
hypothalamusl helpsl regulatel bodyl temperature,l hunger,l thirst,l andl sexl drivel andl
respondsl tol thel satisfactionl ofl thesel needsl byl creatingl feelingsl ofl pleasure.
Thalamus-thel egg-shapedl structurel sittingl justl abovel thel brainl steml thatl appliesl stilll
morel filteringl tol thel sensoryl informationl comingl froml thel spinall cordl andl throughl thel
reticularl formation,l andl itl relaysl somel ofl thesel remainingl signalsl tol thel higherl brainl
levels.
Corpusl callosum-l Regionl thatl connectsl twol halvesl ofl thel brainl andl supportsl
communication
Hippocampusl -Thel hippocampusl consistsl ofl twol "horns"l thatl curvel backl froml thel
amygdala.l Thel hippocampusl isl importantl inl storingl informationl inl long-terml memory.
,Frontall lobe-(behindl thel forehead),l whichl isl responsiblel primarilyl forl thinking,l planning,l
memory,l andl judgment.
Parietall lobe-parietall lobe,l whichl extendsl froml thel middlel tol thel backl ofl thel skulll andl
isl responsiblel primarilyl forl processingl informationl aboutl touch.
Temporall lobe-(prettyl muchl betweenl thel ears)l isl thel temporall lobe,l responsiblel
primarilyl forl hearingl andl language.
Occipitall lobe-occipitall lobe,l atl thel veryl backl ofl thel skull,l whichl processesl visuall
information.
Q:l describel thel majorl functionl forl eachl partl ofl thel endocrinel system,l whichl secretesl
chemicall messengersl calledl hormonesl thatl influencel ourl emotionsl andl behaviors.
Answer:
Pancreas-Regulatesl thel levell ofl bloodl sugarl inl thel blood
Testes-Secreatesl malel sexl hormones
Ovaries-Secreatesl femalel sexl hormones
Pituitaryl Gland-Secreatesl manyl differentl hormones,l somel ofl whichl affectl otherl glands
Q:l 1.l Whatl isl thel differencel betweenl sensationl andl perception?
Answer:
sensation—awarenessl resultingl froml thel stimulationl ofl al sensel organ
perception—thel organizationl andl interpretationl ofl sensations
Q:l 2.l Whatl isl thel definitionl forl thel terml absolutel threshold?
Answer:
thel intensityl ofl al stimulusl thatl allowsl anl organisml tol justl barelyl detectl it
, Q:l 3.l Whatl isl subliminall messaging?l Howl effectivel isl subliminall messaging?
Answer:
meansl "belowl thel threshold"l andl onlyl effectivel 50%l ofl thel time.
Al signall orl messagel designedl tol passl belowl (sub)l thel normall limitsl ofl perception.l Anl
inaudiblel tol thel consciousl mindl (butl audiblel tol thel unconsciousl orl deeperl mind)
Q:l Whatl isl top-downl processing?
Answer:
wel utilizel preexistingl expectanciesl andl experiencesl tol perceivel thel environment.l Forl
example,l ifl yourl friendl offersl youl al cartonl ofl milkl andl tellsl youl shel thinksl itl isl
spoiled,l thenl youl willl nowl experiencel thatl milkl usingl al top-downl process.l Yourl friendl
hasl createdl anl expectationl forl youl tol findl thatl thel milkl isl indeedl spoiled.l Ifl yourl
friendl hadl justl handedl thel milkl tol youl andl letl youl takel al drinkl forl yourself,l thenl youl
mayl notl havel foundl itl tol bel spoiledl atl all.
Q:l 5.l Whatl isl inattentionall blindness?
Answer:
thel abilityl tol focusl onl somel sensoryl inputsl whilel tuningl outl others.
Q:l Briefly,l describel Pavlov'sl earlyl workl inl classicall conditioning.
Answer:
Inl Pavlov'sl experiment,l thel soundl ofl thel tonel servedl asl thel conditionedl stimulusl that,l
afterl learning,l producedl thel conditionedl responsel (CR),l whichl isl thel acquiredl responsel
tol thel formerlyl neutrall stimulus.l Notel thatl thel URl andl thel CRl arel thel samel behavior—
inl thisl casel salivation—butl theyl arel givenl differentl namesl becausel theyl arel producedl
byl differentl stimulil (thel USl andl thel CS,l respectively).
Q:l Whatl isl classicall conditioning?
