,BIOD 152 Module 7 | Practice Q&A | 2026/2027 | Anatomy | Portage
Learning
1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the kidneys?
A) The kidneys are located in the pelvic cavity
B) The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs
C) The kidneys are surrounded by the peritoneal cavity
D) The kidneys are located anterior to the peritoneum
Correct Answer: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs
Rationale: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs, meaning they are located
behind the peritoneum. They lie against the posterior abdominal wall. The
ureters and adrenal glands are also retroperitoneal.
2. The kidneys are located at which vertebral levels?
A) T5-T9
B) T12-L3
C) L4-L5
D) S1-S2
Correct Answer: T12-L3
Rationale: The kidneys are located retroperitoneally between the T12 and L3
vertebral levels. Blunt force trauma to the back at the L1 level could damage
the kidneys due to this anatomical positioning.
3. True or False: The kidneys are long, muscular tubes.
A) True
,B) False
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs composed of soft tissue.
They are not long, muscular tubes. The ureters are the long, muscular tubes
that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
4. Which layer of the kidney is the tough, fibrous outer covering?
A) Renal cortex
B) Renal medulla
C) Renal capsule
D) Renal pelvis
Correct Answer: Renal capsule
Rationale: The renal capsule is a tough, fibrous outer layer of connective
tissue that surrounds the kidney and protects it from injury and infection. It
also helps maintain the kidney's shape.
5. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A) Nephron
B) Renal pyramid
C) Calyx
D) Renal corpuscle
Correct Answer: Nephron
, Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for
filtering blood and forming urine. Each kidney contains approximately one
million nephrons.
6. Which structure filters blood in the nephron?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule)
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: Renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule)
Rationale: The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus (a tuft of
capillaries) and Bowman's capsule. Blood is filtered here, and the filtrate
enters the nephron tubule.
7. Blood enters the glomerulus through which vessel?
A) Efferent arteriole
B) Afferent arteriole
C) Renal artery
D) Peritubular capillary
Correct Answer: Afferent arteriole
Rationale: Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole and
leaves through the efferent arteriole. This arrangement creates high pressure
in the glomerulus to drive filtration.
8. Blood leaves the glomerulus through which vessel?
Learning
1. Which of the following statements is true regarding the kidneys?
A) The kidneys are located in the pelvic cavity
B) The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs
C) The kidneys are surrounded by the peritoneal cavity
D) The kidneys are located anterior to the peritoneum
Correct Answer: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs
Rationale: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs, meaning they are located
behind the peritoneum. They lie against the posterior abdominal wall. The
ureters and adrenal glands are also retroperitoneal.
2. The kidneys are located at which vertebral levels?
A) T5-T9
B) T12-L3
C) L4-L5
D) S1-S2
Correct Answer: T12-L3
Rationale: The kidneys are located retroperitoneally between the T12 and L3
vertebral levels. Blunt force trauma to the back at the L1 level could damage
the kidneys due to this anatomical positioning.
3. True or False: The kidneys are long, muscular tubes.
A) True
,B) False
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs composed of soft tissue.
They are not long, muscular tubes. The ureters are the long, muscular tubes
that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
4. Which layer of the kidney is the tough, fibrous outer covering?
A) Renal cortex
B) Renal medulla
C) Renal capsule
D) Renal pelvis
Correct Answer: Renal capsule
Rationale: The renal capsule is a tough, fibrous outer layer of connective
tissue that surrounds the kidney and protects it from injury and infection. It
also helps maintain the kidney's shape.
5. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A) Nephron
B) Renal pyramid
C) Calyx
D) Renal corpuscle
Correct Answer: Nephron
, Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for
filtering blood and forming urine. Each kidney contains approximately one
million nephrons.
6. Which structure filters blood in the nephron?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule)
D) Distal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: Renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule)
Rationale: The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus (a tuft of
capillaries) and Bowman's capsule. Blood is filtered here, and the filtrate
enters the nephron tubule.
7. Blood enters the glomerulus through which vessel?
A) Efferent arteriole
B) Afferent arteriole
C) Renal artery
D) Peritubular capillary
Correct Answer: Afferent arteriole
Rationale: Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole and
leaves through the efferent arteriole. This arrangement creates high pressure
in the glomerulus to drive filtration.
8. Blood leaves the glomerulus through which vessel?
