Page 1 of 47
A STUDY GUIDE FOR : C484 - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
AND LEADERSHIP -( 100 ) QUESTIONS WITH RADICLE
RATIONALES
Business / Organizational Behavior
Exam coverage:
• Section 1 (Q1-25): Leadership Theories & Motivation (Trait,
Contingency, Path-Goal, Maslow, Herzberg, Vroom,
Equity).
• Section 2 (Q26-50): Organizational Culture, Structure &
Power (Competing Values, Hofstede,
Functional/Matrix/Divisional, French & Raven power
bases).
• Section 3 (Q51-75): Group Dynamics, Conflict & Decision-
Making (Tuckman, Thomas-Kilmann, groupthink, social
loafing, rational vs bounded rationality).
• Section 4 (Q76-100): Personality, Perception & Change
Management (Big Five, attribution, emotional intelligence,
Kotter's change model, organizational socialization).
1. In organizational behavior, which leadership theory
proposes that effective leadership is determined by the
interaction between the leader's traits, the situation, and the
followers' characteristics?
A) Trait Theory
B) Contingency Theory ✓ (CORRECT)
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C) Behavioral Theory
D) Transformational Theory
E) Great Man Theory
**RATIONALE:** Contingency Theory (Fiedler) posits that
leadership effectiveness depends on the match between the
leader's style and the situational favorableness, incorporating
leader traits, situation, and follower dynamics.
2. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need
must be satisfied before an individual can focus on esteem
needs?
A) Physiological needs
B) Safety needs
C) Love and belonging needs
D) Cognitive needs
E) All lower needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging) must
be met ✓ (CORRECT)
**RATIONALE:** Maslow's hierarchy is sequential. Before
esteem needs can become motivators, physiological, safety,
and social (love/belonging) needs must be substantially
satisfied.
3. In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is
considered a hygiene factor rather than a motivator?
A) Recognition for achievement
B) Responsibility
C) Advancement opportunities
D) Working conditions ✓ (CORRECT)
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E) Meaningful work
**RATIONALE:** Herzberg identified hygiene factors (company
policies, supervision, working conditions, salary) as elements
that prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate. Motivators
include recognition, responsibility, and advancement.
4. Which conflict resolution style is characterized by high
assertiveness and low cooperativeness?
A) Collaborating
B) Compromising
C) Avoiding
D) Competing ✓ (CORRECT)
E) Accommodating
**RATIONALE:** The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode
Instrument identifies competing (forcing) as high assertiveness
and low cooperativeness. Collaborating is high/high, avoiding is
low/low, accommodating is low/high, and compromising is
moderate/moderate.
5. Which leadership style is most strongly associated with
empowering followers to make decisions and participate in
goal-setting?
A) Autocratic leadership
B) Laissez-faire leadership
C) Democratic leadership ✓ (CORRECT)
D) Bureaucratic leadership
E) Transactional leadership
**RATIONALE:** Democratic (participative) leadership involves
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followers in decision-making, encourages participation, and
empowers team members. Autocratic leadership centralizes
decision-making authority.
6. In the context of organizational culture, which type of
culture is characterized by a focus on flexibility,
individuality, and a dynamic, entrepreneurial work
environment?
A) Clan culture
B) Adhocracy culture ✓ (CORRECT)
C) Market culture
D) Hierarchy culture
E) Bureaucratic culture
**RATIONALE:** According to the Competing Values
Framework, adhocracy culture emphasizes innovation, risk-
taking, and flexibility. Clan culture focuses on collaboration;
market culture focuses on results; hierarchy culture focuses on
stability and control.
7. Which cognitive bias describes the tendency for
individuals to attribute their own successes to internal
factors and their failures to external factors?
A) Confirmation bias
B) Hindsight bias
C) Self-serving bias ✓ (CORRECT)
D) Fundamental attribution error
E) Availability heuristic
**RATIONALE:** Self-serving bias is the tendency to take credit
A STUDY GUIDE FOR : C484 - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
AND LEADERSHIP -( 100 ) QUESTIONS WITH RADICLE
RATIONALES
Business / Organizational Behavior
Exam coverage:
• Section 1 (Q1-25): Leadership Theories & Motivation (Trait,
Contingency, Path-Goal, Maslow, Herzberg, Vroom,
Equity).
• Section 2 (Q26-50): Organizational Culture, Structure &
Power (Competing Values, Hofstede,
Functional/Matrix/Divisional, French & Raven power
bases).
• Section 3 (Q51-75): Group Dynamics, Conflict & Decision-
Making (Tuckman, Thomas-Kilmann, groupthink, social
loafing, rational vs bounded rationality).
• Section 4 (Q76-100): Personality, Perception & Change
Management (Big Five, attribution, emotional intelligence,
Kotter's change model, organizational socialization).
1. In organizational behavior, which leadership theory
proposes that effective leadership is determined by the
interaction between the leader's traits, the situation, and the
followers' characteristics?
A) Trait Theory
B) Contingency Theory ✓ (CORRECT)
, Page 2 of 47
C) Behavioral Theory
D) Transformational Theory
E) Great Man Theory
**RATIONALE:** Contingency Theory (Fiedler) posits that
leadership effectiveness depends on the match between the
leader's style and the situational favorableness, incorporating
leader traits, situation, and follower dynamics.
2. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need
must be satisfied before an individual can focus on esteem
needs?
A) Physiological needs
B) Safety needs
C) Love and belonging needs
D) Cognitive needs
E) All lower needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging) must
be met ✓ (CORRECT)
**RATIONALE:** Maslow's hierarchy is sequential. Before
esteem needs can become motivators, physiological, safety,
and social (love/belonging) needs must be substantially
satisfied.
3. In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is
considered a hygiene factor rather than a motivator?
A) Recognition for achievement
B) Responsibility
C) Advancement opportunities
D) Working conditions ✓ (CORRECT)
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E) Meaningful work
**RATIONALE:** Herzberg identified hygiene factors (company
policies, supervision, working conditions, salary) as elements
that prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate. Motivators
include recognition, responsibility, and advancement.
4. Which conflict resolution style is characterized by high
assertiveness and low cooperativeness?
A) Collaborating
B) Compromising
C) Avoiding
D) Competing ✓ (CORRECT)
E) Accommodating
**RATIONALE:** The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode
Instrument identifies competing (forcing) as high assertiveness
and low cooperativeness. Collaborating is high/high, avoiding is
low/low, accommodating is low/high, and compromising is
moderate/moderate.
5. Which leadership style is most strongly associated with
empowering followers to make decisions and participate in
goal-setting?
A) Autocratic leadership
B) Laissez-faire leadership
C) Democratic leadership ✓ (CORRECT)
D) Bureaucratic leadership
E) Transactional leadership
**RATIONALE:** Democratic (participative) leadership involves
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followers in decision-making, encourages participation, and
empowers team members. Autocratic leadership centralizes
decision-making authority.
6. In the context of organizational culture, which type of
culture is characterized by a focus on flexibility,
individuality, and a dynamic, entrepreneurial work
environment?
A) Clan culture
B) Adhocracy culture ✓ (CORRECT)
C) Market culture
D) Hierarchy culture
E) Bureaucratic culture
**RATIONALE:** According to the Competing Values
Framework, adhocracy culture emphasizes innovation, risk-
taking, and flexibility. Clan culture focuses on collaboration;
market culture focuses on results; hierarchy culture focuses on
stability and control.
7. Which cognitive bias describes the tendency for
individuals to attribute their own successes to internal
factors and their failures to external factors?
A) Confirmation bias
B) Hindsight bias
C) Self-serving bias ✓ (CORRECT)
D) Fundamental attribution error
E) Availability heuristic
**RATIONALE:** Self-serving bias is the tendency to take credit
