COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY EXAM SCRIPT
SOLVED QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWER
COLLECTION
●● innate knowledge
Answer: - belief that humans are born already possessing knowledge
about the world
- emphasized by Aristotle
- nature
●● tabula rasa
Answer: - blank slate; everything we know, think, feel, and all behaviors
are learned after birth
- emphasized by Plato
- nurture
●● structuralism
Answer: - Wilhelm Wundt
- the belief that consciousness can be broken into elements of sensation
and perception
●● consciousness
,Answer: - the awareness people have about outside world and their
perceptions, images, memories, and feelings
●● introspection
Answer: - Wilhelm Wundt and Structuralism
- subjective observation of one's own experience
- bad method
●● savings curve
Answer: - Herman Ebbinghaus
- shows that memory drops rapidly for the first 2 days after initial
learning, then levels off
●● functionalism
Answer: - William James
- interest in how the mind adapts to function in an individuals
environment
- James was heavily influenced by Darwin's origin of species
●● behaviorism
Answer: - John B. Watson
- believed that psychology should focus on only observable behaviors
and their reactions to stimuli in the environment
, - also known as the S.R. approach
- heavily influenced by Pavlov
●● operational definition
Answer: - B.F. Skinner
- precise definition that specifies exactly how a researcher will
conceptualize and measure a concept
●● gestalt psychology
Answer: - Wolfgang Kohler
- the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
- study perceptual illusions
●● Frederic Bartlett's research on memory
Answer: - disagreed with Ebbinghaus's use of nonsense syllables and
carefully controlled research settings - instead used meaningful stories in
research
- found that people make systematic errors when trying to recall
- argued that memory is an active and structured process
●● information processing
Answer: - mental processes are similar to that of a computer
SOLVED QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWER
COLLECTION
●● innate knowledge
Answer: - belief that humans are born already possessing knowledge
about the world
- emphasized by Aristotle
- nature
●● tabula rasa
Answer: - blank slate; everything we know, think, feel, and all behaviors
are learned after birth
- emphasized by Plato
- nurture
●● structuralism
Answer: - Wilhelm Wundt
- the belief that consciousness can be broken into elements of sensation
and perception
●● consciousness
,Answer: - the awareness people have about outside world and their
perceptions, images, memories, and feelings
●● introspection
Answer: - Wilhelm Wundt and Structuralism
- subjective observation of one's own experience
- bad method
●● savings curve
Answer: - Herman Ebbinghaus
- shows that memory drops rapidly for the first 2 days after initial
learning, then levels off
●● functionalism
Answer: - William James
- interest in how the mind adapts to function in an individuals
environment
- James was heavily influenced by Darwin's origin of species
●● behaviorism
Answer: - John B. Watson
- believed that psychology should focus on only observable behaviors
and their reactions to stimuli in the environment
, - also known as the S.R. approach
- heavily influenced by Pavlov
●● operational definition
Answer: - B.F. Skinner
- precise definition that specifies exactly how a researcher will
conceptualize and measure a concept
●● gestalt psychology
Answer: - Wolfgang Kohler
- the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
- study perceptual illusions
●● Frederic Bartlett's research on memory
Answer: - disagreed with Ebbinghaus's use of nonsense syllables and
carefully controlled research settings - instead used meaningful stories in
research
- found that people make systematic errors when trying to recall
- argued that memory is an active and structured process
●● information processing
Answer: - mental processes are similar to that of a computer
