Portage Pathophysiology Module 9, 2026 —
Exam With Solved Solutions
Introduction
This document contains solved exam questions covering diabetes
mellitus, diabetic complications, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state,
endocrine hormones, adrenal disorders, thyroid function, and
pituitary hormones. It includes true/false, multiple-choice, select-
all-that-apply, and short-answer questions with precise answers
and explanations, including diabetes screening and management.
Exam Questions and Answers
Diabetes can be diagnosed by a fasting blood sugar, 2-hour oral
glucose tolerance test, or hemoglobin A1C. --- correct precise
answer ---true
A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed
with type 2 diabetes. What are 2 strategies to help him normalize
his blood sugars? List 2 other macrovascular complications he is at
risk for and how you would screen for them? --- correct precise
answer ---(1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they
need to control blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of
5-10% of total body weight has been shown to improve glucose
, control. (2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia - checking blood
pressure and screening with a serum lipid panel.
Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics? --- correct
precise answer ---vascular damage, decreased sensation from
diabetic neuropathy, poor wound healing, increased risk of
bacterial infections from hyperglycemia.
If foot wounds are left untreated, they could become infected,
gangrenous, necrotic, and eventually require amputation of toes,
feet, the lower leg, or entire extremity.
The following are each diagnostic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state (HHS) EXCEPT: --- correct precise answer ---ketoacidosis
What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids? ---
correct precise answer ---Cushing's
The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing
syndrome EXCEPT: --- correct precise answer ---hypoglycemia
Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the
following EXCEPT: --- correct precise answer ---hyperglycemia
Addison's disease is due to which of the following: --- correct
precise answer ---adrenal gland dysfunction
T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a
target organ. --- correct precise answer ---true
Exam With Solved Solutions
Introduction
This document contains solved exam questions covering diabetes
mellitus, diabetic complications, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state,
endocrine hormones, adrenal disorders, thyroid function, and
pituitary hormones. It includes true/false, multiple-choice, select-
all-that-apply, and short-answer questions with precise answers
and explanations, including diabetes screening and management.
Exam Questions and Answers
Diabetes can be diagnosed by a fasting blood sugar, 2-hour oral
glucose tolerance test, or hemoglobin A1C. --- correct precise
answer ---true
A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed
with type 2 diabetes. What are 2 strategies to help him normalize
his blood sugars? List 2 other macrovascular complications he is at
risk for and how you would screen for them? --- correct precise
answer ---(1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they
need to control blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of
5-10% of total body weight has been shown to improve glucose
, control. (2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia - checking blood
pressure and screening with a serum lipid panel.
Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics? --- correct
precise answer ---vascular damage, decreased sensation from
diabetic neuropathy, poor wound healing, increased risk of
bacterial infections from hyperglycemia.
If foot wounds are left untreated, they could become infected,
gangrenous, necrotic, and eventually require amputation of toes,
feet, the lower leg, or entire extremity.
The following are each diagnostic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state (HHS) EXCEPT: --- correct precise answer ---ketoacidosis
What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids? ---
correct precise answer ---Cushing's
The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing
syndrome EXCEPT: --- correct precise answer ---hypoglycemia
Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the
following EXCEPT: --- correct precise answer ---hyperglycemia
Addison's disease is due to which of the following: --- correct
precise answer ---adrenal gland dysfunction
T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a
target organ. --- correct precise answer ---true
