SPCE 609 Question with 100% Verified
Answers
AB design
A format for graphing single-subject data that allows for monitoring behavior change. The
______________ has two phases: baseline (A) and treatment (B). This design cannot
demonstrate a functional relation between dependent and independent variables because it
does not include a replication of the effect of the independent variable.
ABAB design
An extension of the AB design in which the independent variable is withdrawn and then
reapplied. also known as reversal design
Accountability
In education, the assessment of students' progress on a regular basis and the publication of
this assessment—as well as goals, objectives and procedures—to parents, school
administrators, and other parties with a right to the information.
alternating treatments design
A single-subject design that allows comparison of the effectiveness of two or more
treatments. It differs from other single-subject designs in that treatments (sometimes
including baseline) are alternated randomly rather than presented sequentially (also known as
multiple schedule design, multi-element baseline design, alternating conditions design).
antecedent stimulus
A stimulus that precedes a behavior. This stimulus may or may not serve as discriminative for
a specific behavior.
,applied behavior analysis
Systematic application of behavioral principles to change socially significant behavior to a
meaningful degree. Research tools enable users of these principles to verify a functional
relation between a behavior and an intervention
aversive stimulus
A stimulus that decreases the rate or probability of a behavior when presented as a
consequence; as such, it is a type of punisher. Alternatively, an _________________ may
increase the rate or probability of a behavior when removed as a consequence; as such, it is a
negative reinforcer.
backup reinforcer
An object or event received in exchange for a specific number of tokens, points, etc.
baseline data
Data points that reflect an operant level of the target behavior. Operant level is the natural
occurrence of the behavior before intervention. ________________serve a purpose similar to
that of a pretest: to provide a level of behavior against which the results of an intervention
procedure can be compared.
Behavior
Any observable and measurable act of an individual (also called a response).
behavioral objective
A statement that communicates a proposed change in behavior. A behavioral objective must
include statements concerning the learner, the behavior, the conditions under which the
behavior will be performed, and the criteria for evaluation.
, Chaining
An instructional procedure that reinforces individual responses in sequence, forming a
complex behavior
changing conditions design
A single-subject experimental design that involves successively changing the conditions for
response performance in order to evaluate comparative effects. This design does not
demonstrate a functional relation between variables. Also called ABC design.
changing criterion design
A single-subject experimental design that involves successively changing the criterion for
reinforcement. The criterion is systematically increased or decreased in a stepwise manner.
conditioned aversive stimulus
A stimulus that has acquired secondary aversive qualities through pairing with an
unconditioned aversive stimulus, such as pain or discomfort.
conditioned reinforcer
A stimulus that has acquired a reinforcing function through pairing with an unconditioned or
natural reinforce, includes most social, activity, and generalized reinforcers (see secondary
reinforcers).
Conditions
Naturally existing or teacher-created circumstances under which a behavior is to be
performed.
Consequence
Any stimulus presented contingent on a particular response.
Answers
AB design
A format for graphing single-subject data that allows for monitoring behavior change. The
______________ has two phases: baseline (A) and treatment (B). This design cannot
demonstrate a functional relation between dependent and independent variables because it
does not include a replication of the effect of the independent variable.
ABAB design
An extension of the AB design in which the independent variable is withdrawn and then
reapplied. also known as reversal design
Accountability
In education, the assessment of students' progress on a regular basis and the publication of
this assessment—as well as goals, objectives and procedures—to parents, school
administrators, and other parties with a right to the information.
alternating treatments design
A single-subject design that allows comparison of the effectiveness of two or more
treatments. It differs from other single-subject designs in that treatments (sometimes
including baseline) are alternated randomly rather than presented sequentially (also known as
multiple schedule design, multi-element baseline design, alternating conditions design).
antecedent stimulus
A stimulus that precedes a behavior. This stimulus may or may not serve as discriminative for
a specific behavior.
,applied behavior analysis
Systematic application of behavioral principles to change socially significant behavior to a
meaningful degree. Research tools enable users of these principles to verify a functional
relation between a behavior and an intervention
aversive stimulus
A stimulus that decreases the rate or probability of a behavior when presented as a
consequence; as such, it is a type of punisher. Alternatively, an _________________ may
increase the rate or probability of a behavior when removed as a consequence; as such, it is a
negative reinforcer.
backup reinforcer
An object or event received in exchange for a specific number of tokens, points, etc.
baseline data
Data points that reflect an operant level of the target behavior. Operant level is the natural
occurrence of the behavior before intervention. ________________serve a purpose similar to
that of a pretest: to provide a level of behavior against which the results of an intervention
procedure can be compared.
Behavior
Any observable and measurable act of an individual (also called a response).
behavioral objective
A statement that communicates a proposed change in behavior. A behavioral objective must
include statements concerning the learner, the behavior, the conditions under which the
behavior will be performed, and the criteria for evaluation.
, Chaining
An instructional procedure that reinforces individual responses in sequence, forming a
complex behavior
changing conditions design
A single-subject experimental design that involves successively changing the conditions for
response performance in order to evaluate comparative effects. This design does not
demonstrate a functional relation between variables. Also called ABC design.
changing criterion design
A single-subject experimental design that involves successively changing the criterion for
reinforcement. The criterion is systematically increased or decreased in a stepwise manner.
conditioned aversive stimulus
A stimulus that has acquired secondary aversive qualities through pairing with an
unconditioned aversive stimulus, such as pain or discomfort.
conditioned reinforcer
A stimulus that has acquired a reinforcing function through pairing with an unconditioned or
natural reinforce, includes most social, activity, and generalized reinforcers (see secondary
reinforcers).
Conditions
Naturally existing or teacher-created circumstances under which a behavior is to be
performed.
Consequence
Any stimulus presented contingent on a particular response.
