NUR 253 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES

NUR 253 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE nl nl nl nl nl




● Physiological responses to stress and stress management
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○ Everyone experiences stress at some point, IT IS IMPORTANT
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TO UNDERSTAND THE PATIENTS SUPPORT SYSTEM
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○ Severe stress is unhealthy, it weakens biological resistance to
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psychiatric disorders. nl


○ The nurses role is to recognize how the stress affects your patient
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■ Identify and intervene to reduce stress by: nl nl nl nl nl nl


● Promoting a healthy environment nl nl nl


● Facilitating successful coping nl nl


● Developing future coping mechanisms nl nl nl


● Early stress response
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○ Stressors are the physiological or psychological stimuli that causes a
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stress response nl


○ General adaptation syndrome: nl nl


■ Alarm stage: initial, brief, adaptive response (flight or fight) to the
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stressor.
● This stage is very intense and cannot be tolerated for long nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


periods of time nl nl


■ Resistance stage: occurs if the threat continues, sometimes called nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


the adaptation stage. Sustained and optimal resistance to the
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stressor occurs. nl


■ exhaustion stage: occurs when attempts to resist the stressor prove nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


futile. At this point resources are depleted and the stress becomes
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chronic.
● Can lead to illnesses including anxiety, depression, nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


sleep disorders, heart disease, and weight gain nl nl nl nl nl nl


■ Bad stress vs. good stress nl nl nl nl


● eustress( GOOD): positive energy that motivates an individual nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


and results in feelings of happiness, hopefulness, and nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


purposeful movement. nl


○ Examples: vacation, birth of a baby, marriage, nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


favorite sport nl


● Distress (BAD): draining energy that results in anxiety, nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


depression, confusion, helplessness, hopelessness nl nl nl


○ Examples: death, divorce, financial overload nl nl nl nl


○ Mediators of the stress response nl nl nl nl


■ Physiological stressors: environmental conditions nl nl nl


● Example: trauma, heat/cold, infection, hemorrhage, pain, hunger nl nl nl nl nl nl


■ Psychological stressors: can be positive or negative nl nl nl nl nl nl


● Example: marriage, divorce, unemployment, retirement, nl nl nl nl nl


terrorist attack nl


Perception: the way we see things, or feel things. The perception of nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


the stress determines the emotional and psychological behaviors.
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, ●
Things that can affect a persons perception: age, gender, nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


history, culture nl


■ Temperament
■ Social support nl


■ Culture
■ spirituality/religion
● Relaxation techniquesnl


○ Biofeedback: involves using visual or auditory feedback to gain control
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over involuntary bodily functions.
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■ The goal is to make subtle changes to the body to result in the
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desired effect nl


○ Deep breathing exercises nl nl


■ Relax, inhale through nose, hold for 2 seconds, slowly exhale
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through mouth. Repeat 2-3 times nl nl nl nl


○ Guided imagery nl


■ People are taught to focus on pleasant images to replace negative
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or stressful feelings. nl nl


○ Meditation
○ Physical exercise nl


■ Walking, running, swimming, yoga nl nl nl


○ Cognitive reframing nl


■ Changes an individual's perception of stress by reassessing a nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


situation and replacing irrational beliefs. From “ I’ll never” to “ I
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should have”. nl


○ Journaling
○ Humour
● Effects of stress on the body:
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○ headache, anxiety, depression, backaches, insomnia, ED, decreased
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libdo, increased/decreased appetite, increased BP HR and Blood glucose
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● Crisis and disaster
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○ What is a crisis? nl nl nl


■ crisis : an event that will or may lead to an unstable and
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dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, or society nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


■ Crisis intervention: a directive, time limited, and goal directed
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strategy designed to assist those experiencing a crisis nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


■ Perception of threat: a person’s coping abilities. Perspective, culture nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


and past experiences can affect this nl nl nl nl nl


■ Support systems nl


■ Coping mechanisms: can be adaptive (healthy) or nl nl nl nl nl nl nl


maladaptive (unhealthy) nl


● Adaptive: exercise, reading, journaling nl nl nl




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