Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide Grand Canyon University
latest Update 2026/2027
1. In a patient with a history of egg allergies, what consideration should be
made when administering Propofol?
Increase the dosage to compensate for the allergy.
Assess for potential allergic reactions due to egg lecithin in the
formulation.
Administer a different anesthetic without checking allergies.
Use Propofol without any additional precautions.
2. What vitamin deficiency is primarily responsible for pernicious anemia?
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Folic acid
Iron
3. In the elderly presenting with signs and symptoms of delirium, the primary
management focus is:
Refer for a comprehensive near-psych assessment
Review all medications for drugs associated with development of
delirium
Providing immediate sedation to prevent injury from falling
Diagnose and address the underlying cause
,4. A patient with hypertension is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. What should the
nurse monitor for as a potential side effect of this medication?
Hypoglycemia
Bradycardia
Hyperkalemia
Dehydration
5. A patient undergoing chemotherapy experiences severe nausea. Which
medication class would be most appropriate to prescribe to manage this side
effect, and why?
Opioids, because they suppress the central nervous system.
Antihistamines, because they reduce allergic reactions.
5HT3 antagonists, because they effectively block serotonin
receptors associated with nausea.
Beta-blockers, because they lower blood pressure.
6. Left heart failure is commonly called:
cor pulmonale
congestive heart failure
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary edema
7. What is the most common cause of insufficiency of Vitamin D?
Lack of cholesterol in the diet
Inadequate UV light
, Absorption problems
Overexposure to UV light
Eating calcium like compounds
8. Describe the common treatment approaches for managing ICU delirium in
elderly patients.
Common treatment approaches include increasing sedative use and
isolation from family.
Common treatment approaches include administering high doses of
opioids.
Common treatment approaches include avoiding any form of
communication.
Common treatment approaches include reorientation, minimizing
sedative use, and ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition.
9. Combivent is a combination of a
corticosteroid and sympathomimetic.
sympathomimetic and anticholinergic.
sympathomimetic and anti-tussive.
corticosteroid and anticholinergic.
10. If a newborn presents with symptoms of heart failure due to a patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA), what would be the most appropriate initial management
step?
Start diuretics to manage fluid overload.
Administer indomethacin to promote closure of the ductus
arteriosus.
, Perform immediate surgery to ligate the ductus arteriosus.
Monitor the infant for spontaneous closure without intervention.
11. What is a pathologic fracture?
Fracture caused by some type of accident (traumatic)
Any fall from a standing height (fragile)
Overuse injury caused by repetitive forces placed on the bone
(stress)
A break in a weakened bone caused by disease
12. Describe how potassium-sparing diuretics differ from other types of
diuretics.
Potassium-sparing diuretics only promote sodium retention.
Potassium-sparing diuretics do not affect fluid balance.
Potassium-sparing diuretics allow for the retention of potassium
while still promoting the excretion of water and sodium.
Potassium-sparing diuretics are used exclusively for treating diabetes.
13. What is the primary purpose of inhaled short-acting β2 agonists (SABAs) in
asthma management?
Prolonged prophylaxis of attacks
Long-term control of inflammation
Aborting ongoing bronchospasm
Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm
14. What is the primary mechanism of action of Heparin in the body?
latest Update 2026/2027
1. In a patient with a history of egg allergies, what consideration should be
made when administering Propofol?
Increase the dosage to compensate for the allergy.
Assess for potential allergic reactions due to egg lecithin in the
formulation.
Administer a different anesthetic without checking allergies.
Use Propofol without any additional precautions.
2. What vitamin deficiency is primarily responsible for pernicious anemia?
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Folic acid
Iron
3. In the elderly presenting with signs and symptoms of delirium, the primary
management focus is:
Refer for a comprehensive near-psych assessment
Review all medications for drugs associated with development of
delirium
Providing immediate sedation to prevent injury from falling
Diagnose and address the underlying cause
,4. A patient with hypertension is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. What should the
nurse monitor for as a potential side effect of this medication?
Hypoglycemia
Bradycardia
Hyperkalemia
Dehydration
5. A patient undergoing chemotherapy experiences severe nausea. Which
medication class would be most appropriate to prescribe to manage this side
effect, and why?
Opioids, because they suppress the central nervous system.
Antihistamines, because they reduce allergic reactions.
5HT3 antagonists, because they effectively block serotonin
receptors associated with nausea.
Beta-blockers, because they lower blood pressure.
6. Left heart failure is commonly called:
cor pulmonale
congestive heart failure
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary edema
7. What is the most common cause of insufficiency of Vitamin D?
Lack of cholesterol in the diet
Inadequate UV light
, Absorption problems
Overexposure to UV light
Eating calcium like compounds
8. Describe the common treatment approaches for managing ICU delirium in
elderly patients.
Common treatment approaches include increasing sedative use and
isolation from family.
Common treatment approaches include administering high doses of
opioids.
Common treatment approaches include avoiding any form of
communication.
Common treatment approaches include reorientation, minimizing
sedative use, and ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition.
9. Combivent is a combination of a
corticosteroid and sympathomimetic.
sympathomimetic and anticholinergic.
sympathomimetic and anti-tussive.
corticosteroid and anticholinergic.
10. If a newborn presents with symptoms of heart failure due to a patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA), what would be the most appropriate initial management
step?
Start diuretics to manage fluid overload.
Administer indomethacin to promote closure of the ductus
arteriosus.
, Perform immediate surgery to ligate the ductus arteriosus.
Monitor the infant for spontaneous closure without intervention.
11. What is a pathologic fracture?
Fracture caused by some type of accident (traumatic)
Any fall from a standing height (fragile)
Overuse injury caused by repetitive forces placed on the bone
(stress)
A break in a weakened bone caused by disease
12. Describe how potassium-sparing diuretics differ from other types of
diuretics.
Potassium-sparing diuretics only promote sodium retention.
Potassium-sparing diuretics do not affect fluid balance.
Potassium-sparing diuretics allow for the retention of potassium
while still promoting the excretion of water and sodium.
Potassium-sparing diuretics are used exclusively for treating diabetes.
13. What is the primary purpose of inhaled short-acting β2 agonists (SABAs) in
asthma management?
Prolonged prophylaxis of attacks
Long-term control of inflammation
Aborting ongoing bronchospasm
Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm
14. What is the primary mechanism of action of Heparin in the body?
