POLI 2051 Hogan Exam 1 Question and Answer
[2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | 100% Verified
Answers
• government -✓✓ the institutions through which public policies are made for a
society; congress, president, courts, bureaucracy
• collective goods -✓✓ goods and services such as clean air and water that by their
nature cannot be denied to anyone
• politics -✓✓ the process of determining the leaders we select and the policies
they pursue; authoritative decisions about public issues
• single issue groups -✓✓ groups that have a narrow interest on which their
members tend to take an uncompromising stance
• policymaking system -✓✓ the process by which policy comes into being and
evolves
• linkage institutions -✓✓ the political channels through which peoples concerns
become political issues on the policy agenda; elections, media, political parties
• policy agenda -✓✓ the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials
and other politicians
• political issue -✓✓ an issues that arises when people disagree about a problem
and how to fix it
,• policymaking institutions -✓✓ the branches of government charged with taking
action on political issues
• public policy -✓✓ a choice that government makes in response to a political issue
• policy impacts -✓✓ the effects a policy has on people and problems
• democracy -✓✓ a system of selecting policymakers and of organizing
government so that policy represents and responds to the publics preferences
• majority rule -✓✓ choosing among alternatives requires the majority desire be
respected
• minority rights -✓✓ guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities
• representation -✓✓ describes the relationship between few leaders and many
followers
• pluralism -✓✓ policymaking is open to the participation of all groups with shared
interest
• elitism -✓✓ an upper-class elite holds the power and makes policy
• hyper-pluralism -✓✓ groups are so strong that government gives into the groups
and is weakened
, • policy gridlock -✓✓ a condition that occurs when interests conflict and no
coalition is strong enough to form a majority
• political culture -✓✓ an overall set of values widely shared within a society
• gross domestic product -✓✓ the sum total of the value of all the goods and
service produced in a year in a nation
• constitution -✓✓ a nations basic law; creates political institutions assigns or
divides power in government and often provides certain guarantees to citizens; can
be written or unwritten
• declaration of independence -✓✓ the document approved by representatives of
the american colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the british
monarch and declared their independence
• natural rights -✓✓ rights inherent in human beings not dependent on
governments which include life liberty and property written by john locke
• consent of the governed -✓✓ the idea that government derives its authority from
the people
• limited government -✓✓ the idea that certain restrictions should be placed on
government to protect the natural rights of citizens
• articles fo confederation -✓✓ first constitution of the u.s. established the
continental congress as the national legislature but left most authority with the state
legislatures
[2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | 100% Verified
Answers
• government -✓✓ the institutions through which public policies are made for a
society; congress, president, courts, bureaucracy
• collective goods -✓✓ goods and services such as clean air and water that by their
nature cannot be denied to anyone
• politics -✓✓ the process of determining the leaders we select and the policies
they pursue; authoritative decisions about public issues
• single issue groups -✓✓ groups that have a narrow interest on which their
members tend to take an uncompromising stance
• policymaking system -✓✓ the process by which policy comes into being and
evolves
• linkage institutions -✓✓ the political channels through which peoples concerns
become political issues on the policy agenda; elections, media, political parties
• policy agenda -✓✓ the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials
and other politicians
• political issue -✓✓ an issues that arises when people disagree about a problem
and how to fix it
,• policymaking institutions -✓✓ the branches of government charged with taking
action on political issues
• public policy -✓✓ a choice that government makes in response to a political issue
• policy impacts -✓✓ the effects a policy has on people and problems
• democracy -✓✓ a system of selecting policymakers and of organizing
government so that policy represents and responds to the publics preferences
• majority rule -✓✓ choosing among alternatives requires the majority desire be
respected
• minority rights -✓✓ guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities
• representation -✓✓ describes the relationship between few leaders and many
followers
• pluralism -✓✓ policymaking is open to the participation of all groups with shared
interest
• elitism -✓✓ an upper-class elite holds the power and makes policy
• hyper-pluralism -✓✓ groups are so strong that government gives into the groups
and is weakened
, • policy gridlock -✓✓ a condition that occurs when interests conflict and no
coalition is strong enough to form a majority
• political culture -✓✓ an overall set of values widely shared within a society
• gross domestic product -✓✓ the sum total of the value of all the goods and
service produced in a year in a nation
• constitution -✓✓ a nations basic law; creates political institutions assigns or
divides power in government and often provides certain guarantees to citizens; can
be written or unwritten
• declaration of independence -✓✓ the document approved by representatives of
the american colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the british
monarch and declared their independence
• natural rights -✓✓ rights inherent in human beings not dependent on
governments which include life liberty and property written by john locke
• consent of the governed -✓✓ the idea that government derives its authority from
the people
• limited government -✓✓ the idea that certain restrictions should be placed on
government to protect the natural rights of citizens
• articles fo confederation -✓✓ first constitution of the u.s. established the
continental congress as the national legislature but left most authority with the state
legislatures
