BSN 465 Week 8 Sherpath 2026/2027 – 50+ Questions & Answers | ARDS, Acute Lung Failure, Pneumonia, PE, Asthma & Chest Tubes

This BSN 465 Week 8 Sherpath 2026/2027 exam preparation resource contains 50+ questions with correct answers across 17 pages, providing concentrated review of acute lung failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mechanical ventilation, pneumonia, aspiration, pulmonary embolism, asthma, pneumothorax, chest-tube management, and ventilator weaning. The opening section focuses on differentiating type I and type II acute lung failure using arterial blood gases (ABGs), ventilation-perfusion mismatch, respiratory acidosis, patient positioning, identification and treatment of underlying causes, hydration, and strategies for optimizing ventilation and gas exchange. A major section examines ARDS and the Berlin Definition, including mild, moderate, and severe disease classifications based on oxygenation impairment. Questions explore the exudative and fibroproliferative phases, declining ventilatory efficiency, accessory-muscle use, low-tidal-volume ventilation, respiratory-rate adjustment, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), FiO2 reduction, alveolar stabilization, and prone positioning. The resource connects mechanical-ventilation settings with the prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury while reinforcing the importance of maintaining adequate oxygenation and carbon-dioxide elimination. The pneumonia and aspiration section covers ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), pulmonary infiltrates, positioning, secretion clearance, prevention of oxygen desaturation, patient education, and interdisciplinary collaboration between nurses and respiratory therapists. Students review aspiration risk factors such as supine positioning, endotracheal intubation, nasogastric tubes, and bolus feeding. Chemical pneumonitis caused by aspiration of acidic gastric contents is distinguished from infectious pneumonia, while post-extubation swallow studies are discussed as a method of evaluating aspiration risk. Pulmonary vascular disease is addressed through pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep-vein thrombosis prevention. The questions review endothelial injury and other contributors to thrombus formation, risk-factor modification, recognition of DVT, anticoagulation safety, and patient discharge education. Medication classes presented in PE management include anticoagulants and fibrinolytics alongside supportive therapies that may be required according to clinical status. This section reinforces the connection between venous thrombosis, embolic obstruction, impaired pulmonary perfusion, hypoxemia, and acute deterioration. The document also provides targeted preparation on asthma and status asthmaticus. Students review irritants and triggers, airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, leukotriene-modifying therapy, peak-flow monitoring, patient self-management, and recognition of severe asthma. Status asthmaticus is connected with potentially progressive respiratory compromise and acute lung failure, while pulsus paradoxus is presented as an important assessment finding in severe disease. Another important section focuses on pneumothorax, air-leak syndromes, and chest tubes. Students distinguish tension pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumopericardium, and other forms of abnormal air accumulation. Questions address indications for evacuation of pleural air, anatomical landmarks for chest-tube placement, and emergency management when a chest tube becomes completely dislodged. These scenarios emphasize rapid recognition of potentially life-threatening deterioration and appropriate bedside nursing responses. The final portion covers prolonged mechanical ventilation, ventilator dependence, delirium, and weaning. Physiological contributors to prolonged dependence include impaired gas exchange, decreased ventilatory drive, and respiratory muscle fatigue. The material also connects nonrestorative sleep, sensory overload, and sensory deprivation with delirium in critically ill patients. Students review T-tube trials and terminology associated with difficult or unsuccessful liberation from mechanical ventilation. For evidence-based reinforcement, the ARDS material should be compared with the Berlin Definition of ARDS and contemporary evidence on lung-protective mechanical ventilation, while asthma concepts can be reinforced using current Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidance. Pulmonary embolism and antithrombotic management can be contextualized with current evidence-based guidelines from organizations such as the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST), and pneumonia/VAP concepts can be compared with contemporary ATS/IDSA guidance. Because ventilator management, VAP prevention, PE treatment, asthma therapy, and chest-tube practices can evolve, current clinical guidelines and institutional protocols should take precedence over older or simplified practice-test answers. Relevant Students: This document is particularly relevant for BSN 465 students, Sherpath nursing students, BSN and RN students studying critical care, ICU nursing students, respiratory and pulmonary nursing students, adult health and medical-surgical nursing students, and learners preparing for examinations on respiratory failure and advanced pulmonary care. It is also useful for HESI, ATI Adult Medical-Surgical, NCLEX-RN, and critical-care review involving ARDS, ABGs, mechanical ventilation, pneumonia, aspiration, pulmonary embolism, asthma, pneumothorax, chest tubes, ventilator dependence, and weaning. 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