Comprehensive
Questions and
Answers Study
Guide for
Medical Exam
Preparation
, Neurology & Reflexes
Q: What does a positive Babinski sign indicate?
A: There is an UMN lesion; hyperreflexia +3; dorsiflexion with stroke of the plantar foot.
Q: ACA lesion symptoms?
A: Contralateral lower limb deficits, behavioral changes, urinary incontinence.
Q: Abduction of shoulder: which muscles act at different ranges?
A:
● Initial: Supraspinatus
● Below horizontal: Deltoid
● Above horizontal: Trapezius + Serratus anterior
Q: Adduction of shoulder: which muscles?
A: Teres Minor (axillary n), Subscapular (subscapular n)
Metabolism & Starvation
Q: Energy source after >3 days of starvation?
A: Adipose → Ketones (Leucine, Lysine).
Q: Energy source 1–3 days starvation?
A: FFA via hormone-sensitive lipase
● Stimulated by epinephrine
● Gluconeogenesis supported by cortisol (OAA → PEP)