NBCE - Part 2, Principals Exam Questions With
Verified Answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade
(1) Neuropathophysiology
- accurate answers-Biomechanical insult to nerve tissue. 1)Neural Irritation 2)
Compression or pressure 3) Decreased axoplasmic transport
(1) Neural Irritation causes....
- accurate answers-...facilitation of the nerve.
(1) Irritation of the anterior horn cells cause...
- accurate answers-...hypertonicity or spasm of muscles.
(1) Irritation of lateral horn cells cause...
- accurate answers-...vasomotor changes, sudomotor changes, including
hypersympatheticotonia.
(1) Irritation of the posterior horn cells cause...
- accurate answers-...sensory changes.
How many models of VSC are there?
- accurate answers-Five. (1)- Neuropathophysiology (2)
Kinesiopathophysiology (3) Myopathology (4) Histopathology (5)
Pathophysiology
(1) Compression in intervetebral foramina results in...
- accurate answers-...decreased axoplasmic flow.
(1) Decreased axoplasmic flow is...
- accurate answers-....decreased flow of proteins and nutrients.
(1) The end result of decreased axoplasmic flow is...
- accurate answers-...degneration. (Ex: muscle atrophy, anesthesia, and
sympathetic atonia)
(1) Post Horn damage (acute and chronic)
- accurate answers-Acute(Irritated): Hyperesthesia
Chronic (Compressed): Anesthesia or Hypesthesia
, (1) Hyperesthesia
- accurate answers-Greater sense of pain
(1) Anesthesia
- accurate answers-No or lesser sense of pain
(1) Anterior Horn damage (acute and chronic)
- accurate answers-Acute (Irritated): Hypertonicity/Spasm
Chronic (Compressed): Atrophy
(1) Lateral Horn damage (acute and chronic)
- accurate answers-Acute (Irritated): Sympathetic Vasomotor
Chronic (Compressed): Sympathetic Atonia
(2) Kinesiopathophyiology, define
- accurate answers-Hypo mobility,diminished or absent joint play or
segmental hyper mobility due to compensation.
(2) Kinesiopathophyiology examples:
- accurate answers--reduced ROM
-fixated vertebral body
-reduction in nociceptive and mechanoreceptive influence due to restricted
joint
-cornerstone of chiropractic's "adjust to return motion and ROM"
(3) Myopathology, define
- accurate answers-Spasm or hypertonicity of the muscles as a result of
compensation, facilitation, Hilton's Law, or any combination.
(3) Hilton's Law, define
- accurate answers-A nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles which
moves the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles.
(3) ACUTE =
- accurate answers-SPASM
(3) CHRONIC =
- accurate answers-ATROPHY
Verified Answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade
(1) Neuropathophysiology
- accurate answers-Biomechanical insult to nerve tissue. 1)Neural Irritation 2)
Compression or pressure 3) Decreased axoplasmic transport
(1) Neural Irritation causes....
- accurate answers-...facilitation of the nerve.
(1) Irritation of the anterior horn cells cause...
- accurate answers-...hypertonicity or spasm of muscles.
(1) Irritation of lateral horn cells cause...
- accurate answers-...vasomotor changes, sudomotor changes, including
hypersympatheticotonia.
(1) Irritation of the posterior horn cells cause...
- accurate answers-...sensory changes.
How many models of VSC are there?
- accurate answers-Five. (1)- Neuropathophysiology (2)
Kinesiopathophysiology (3) Myopathology (4) Histopathology (5)
Pathophysiology
(1) Compression in intervetebral foramina results in...
- accurate answers-...decreased axoplasmic flow.
(1) Decreased axoplasmic flow is...
- accurate answers-....decreased flow of proteins and nutrients.
(1) The end result of decreased axoplasmic flow is...
- accurate answers-...degneration. (Ex: muscle atrophy, anesthesia, and
sympathetic atonia)
(1) Post Horn damage (acute and chronic)
- accurate answers-Acute(Irritated): Hyperesthesia
Chronic (Compressed): Anesthesia or Hypesthesia
, (1) Hyperesthesia
- accurate answers-Greater sense of pain
(1) Anesthesia
- accurate answers-No or lesser sense of pain
(1) Anterior Horn damage (acute and chronic)
- accurate answers-Acute (Irritated): Hypertonicity/Spasm
Chronic (Compressed): Atrophy
(1) Lateral Horn damage (acute and chronic)
- accurate answers-Acute (Irritated): Sympathetic Vasomotor
Chronic (Compressed): Sympathetic Atonia
(2) Kinesiopathophyiology, define
- accurate answers-Hypo mobility,diminished or absent joint play or
segmental hyper mobility due to compensation.
(2) Kinesiopathophyiology examples:
- accurate answers--reduced ROM
-fixated vertebral body
-reduction in nociceptive and mechanoreceptive influence due to restricted
joint
-cornerstone of chiropractic's "adjust to return motion and ROM"
(3) Myopathology, define
- accurate answers-Spasm or hypertonicity of the muscles as a result of
compensation, facilitation, Hilton's Law, or any combination.
(3) Hilton's Law, define
- accurate answers-A nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles which
moves the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles.
(3) ACUTE =
- accurate answers-SPASM
(3) CHRONIC =
- accurate answers-ATROPHY
