CMST 2064 F COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE 2026 INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A+
◉ critical thinking
Answer: conscious process of assessing the validity of claims,
evidence, and reasoning for the purpose of reaching a justified
conclusion or decision
◉ argument
Answer: claim supported by evidence and reasons for accepting it.
◉ groupthink
Answer: occurs when efforts to discourage conflict and maintain
cohesion go overboard, leading a group to make flawed decisions
◉ argumentativeness
Answer: a member's willingness to debate and openly disagree with
others
,◉ deliberative argumentation
Answer: process of reasoned and ethical interaction that helps
members reach the best conclu- sion or make the best decision in a
given situation
◉ competitive argumentation
Answer: adversarial approach to argumentation in which the goal is
to win rather than to work with others in search of a reasonable
resolution
◉ Toulmin Model of Argumentation
Answer: provides a system of understanding, analyzing, and creating
effective arguments
(claim, evidence, warrant, backing, reservation, and qualifier)
◉ claim
Answer: states the conclusion of an argument
◉ evidence
Answer: includes the facts, statistics, opinions, examples, or other
materials that support a claim
◉ warrant
, Answer: explains and justifies how the evidence supports a
particular claim
◉ backing
Answer: provides support for an argument's warrant
◉ reservation
Answer: recognizes the conditions under which a claim may not be
true
◉ qualifier
Answer: states the degree to which a claim appears to be true
◉ research
Answer: systematic search or investigation designed to find useful
and appropriate evidence
◉ evidence is "valid"
Answer: the ideas, information, and opinions you include in an
argument are logically sound and factually accurate
◉ claim of fact
GUIDE 2026 INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A+
◉ critical thinking
Answer: conscious process of assessing the validity of claims,
evidence, and reasoning for the purpose of reaching a justified
conclusion or decision
◉ argument
Answer: claim supported by evidence and reasons for accepting it.
◉ groupthink
Answer: occurs when efforts to discourage conflict and maintain
cohesion go overboard, leading a group to make flawed decisions
◉ argumentativeness
Answer: a member's willingness to debate and openly disagree with
others
,◉ deliberative argumentation
Answer: process of reasoned and ethical interaction that helps
members reach the best conclu- sion or make the best decision in a
given situation
◉ competitive argumentation
Answer: adversarial approach to argumentation in which the goal is
to win rather than to work with others in search of a reasonable
resolution
◉ Toulmin Model of Argumentation
Answer: provides a system of understanding, analyzing, and creating
effective arguments
(claim, evidence, warrant, backing, reservation, and qualifier)
◉ claim
Answer: states the conclusion of an argument
◉ evidence
Answer: includes the facts, statistics, opinions, examples, or other
materials that support a claim
◉ warrant
, Answer: explains and justifies how the evidence supports a
particular claim
◉ backing
Answer: provides support for an argument's warrant
◉ reservation
Answer: recognizes the conditions under which a claim may not be
true
◉ qualifier
Answer: states the degree to which a claim appears to be true
◉ research
Answer: systematic search or investigation designed to find useful
and appropriate evidence
◉ evidence is "valid"
Answer: the ideas, information, and opinions you include in an
argument are logically sound and factually accurate
◉ claim of fact
