BIOD 151 Module 6 Exam Review
Nervous System, Neurons & Brain Anatomy | 2026 Prep
Question 1. The nervous system is divided into which two major anatomical
divisions?
A. Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system ✓
B. Sensory and motor systems only
C. Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems only
Question 2. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of which structures?
A. The brain and spinal cord ✓
B. Cranial and spinal nerves only
C. Ganglia only
Question 3. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of which structures?
A. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia ✓
B. The brain and spinal cord only
C. Only the brain
Question 4. The somatic nervous system primarily controls:
A. Voluntary movement of skeletal muscle ✓
B. Involuntary control of smooth muscle
C. Hormone secretion
Question 5. The autonomic nervous system primarily controls:
A. Involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion ✓
B. Voluntary skeletal muscle movement
C. Conscious thought
Question 6. The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into which two
branches?
A. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions ✓
B. Sensory and motor divisions
C. Afferent and efferent divisions only
Question 7. The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for which
type of response?
A. Fight-or-flight response ✓
B. Rest-and-digest response
, C. Voluntary motor control
Question 8. The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for
which type of response?
A. Rest-and-digest response ✓
B. Fight-or-flight response
C. Sensory perception only
Question 9. A neuron is composed of which three main structural regions?
A. Cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon ✓
B. Nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane only
C. Myelin, node, and synapse only
Question 10. Dendrites of a neuron primarily function to:
A. Receive signals from other neurons ✓
B. Transmit signals away from the cell body
C. Produce myelin
Question 11. The axon of a neuron primarily functions to:
A. Conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body ✓
B. Receive incoming signals
C. Produce neurotransmitters exclusively
Question 12. The axon hillock is best described as:
A. The region where an action potential is typically initiated ✓
B. The terminal end of the axon
C. The site of neurotransmitter storage
Question 13. Myelin sheaths, produced by Schwann cells in the PNS, function to:
A. Insulate the axon and increase conduction velocity ✓
B. Slow down nerve impulse conduction
C. Produce neurotransmitters
Question 14. In the central nervous system, myelin is produced by which glial cell
type?
A. Oligodendrocytes ✓
B. Schwann cells
C. Astrocytes
Question 15. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath that allow for:
A. Saltatory conduction, speeding up impulse transmission ✓
, B. Slowing of impulse transmission
C. Neurotransmitter storage
Question 16. Saltatory conduction refers to the action potential:
A. 'Jumping' from node to node along a myelinated axon ✓
B. Traveling continuously along an unmyelinated axon
C. Occurring only within the cell body
Question 17. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the CNS, primarily
function to:
A. Support neurons and help form the blood-brain barrier ✓
B. Produce myelin exclusively
C. Line the ventricles
Question 18. Microglia within the CNS function primarily as:
A. Immune cells that phagocytize pathogens and debris ✓
B. Myelin-producing cells
C. Cerebrospinal fluid producers
Question 19. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and function to:
A. Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid ✓
B. Produce myelin
C. Serve as the primary immune cells of the CNS
Question 20. Satellite cells in the PNS function to:
A. Support and surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia ✓
B. Produce myelin along the axon
C. Serve as immune cells
Question 21. A sensory (afferent) neuron functions to:
A. Carry impulses from receptors toward the CNS ✓
B. Carry impulses from the CNS to effectors
C. Connect two neurons within the CNS only
Question 22. A motor (efferent) neuron functions to:
A. Carry impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands ✓
B. Carry impulses from receptors to the CNS
C. Serve as a connector neuron only
Question 23. Interneurons (association neurons) are located primarily within:
Nervous System, Neurons & Brain Anatomy | 2026 Prep
Question 1. The nervous system is divided into which two major anatomical
divisions?
A. Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system ✓
B. Sensory and motor systems only
C. Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems only
Question 2. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of which structures?
A. The brain and spinal cord ✓
B. Cranial and spinal nerves only
C. Ganglia only
Question 3. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of which structures?
A. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia ✓
B. The brain and spinal cord only
C. Only the brain
Question 4. The somatic nervous system primarily controls:
A. Voluntary movement of skeletal muscle ✓
B. Involuntary control of smooth muscle
C. Hormone secretion
Question 5. The autonomic nervous system primarily controls:
A. Involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion ✓
B. Voluntary skeletal muscle movement
C. Conscious thought
Question 6. The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into which two
branches?
A. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions ✓
B. Sensory and motor divisions
C. Afferent and efferent divisions only
Question 7. The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for which
type of response?
A. Fight-or-flight response ✓
B. Rest-and-digest response
, C. Voluntary motor control
Question 8. The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for
which type of response?
A. Rest-and-digest response ✓
B. Fight-or-flight response
C. Sensory perception only
Question 9. A neuron is composed of which three main structural regions?
A. Cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon ✓
B. Nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane only
C. Myelin, node, and synapse only
Question 10. Dendrites of a neuron primarily function to:
A. Receive signals from other neurons ✓
B. Transmit signals away from the cell body
C. Produce myelin
Question 11. The axon of a neuron primarily functions to:
A. Conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body ✓
B. Receive incoming signals
C. Produce neurotransmitters exclusively
Question 12. The axon hillock is best described as:
A. The region where an action potential is typically initiated ✓
B. The terminal end of the axon
C. The site of neurotransmitter storage
Question 13. Myelin sheaths, produced by Schwann cells in the PNS, function to:
A. Insulate the axon and increase conduction velocity ✓
B. Slow down nerve impulse conduction
C. Produce neurotransmitters
Question 14. In the central nervous system, myelin is produced by which glial cell
type?
A. Oligodendrocytes ✓
B. Schwann cells
C. Astrocytes
Question 15. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath that allow for:
A. Saltatory conduction, speeding up impulse transmission ✓
, B. Slowing of impulse transmission
C. Neurotransmitter storage
Question 16. Saltatory conduction refers to the action potential:
A. 'Jumping' from node to node along a myelinated axon ✓
B. Traveling continuously along an unmyelinated axon
C. Occurring only within the cell body
Question 17. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the CNS, primarily
function to:
A. Support neurons and help form the blood-brain barrier ✓
B. Produce myelin exclusively
C. Line the ventricles
Question 18. Microglia within the CNS function primarily as:
A. Immune cells that phagocytize pathogens and debris ✓
B. Myelin-producing cells
C. Cerebrospinal fluid producers
Question 19. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and function to:
A. Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid ✓
B. Produce myelin
C. Serve as the primary immune cells of the CNS
Question 20. Satellite cells in the PNS function to:
A. Support and surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia ✓
B. Produce myelin along the axon
C. Serve as immune cells
Question 21. A sensory (afferent) neuron functions to:
A. Carry impulses from receptors toward the CNS ✓
B. Carry impulses from the CNS to effectors
C. Connect two neurons within the CNS only
Question 22. A motor (efferent) neuron functions to:
A. Carry impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands ✓
B. Carry impulses from receptors to the CNS
C. Serve as a connector neuron only
Question 23. Interneurons (association neurons) are located primarily within:
