Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology
physiologicxfjaundice Axf3-
dayxfoldxfinfantxfisxfnotedxftoxfhavexfaxfmildlyxfelevatedxfunconjugatedxfbilirubinxflevelxfandxficterus.
xfYourxfconcernxfisxfthatxfthisxfchildxfmayxfhave:
a.xfphysiologicxfjaundice
b.xfkernicterus
c.xfglucose-6-phosphatexfdehydrogenasexfdeficiency
d.xfpathologicxfjaundice
Lysosomes
Whichxfcellxfcomponentxfisxfcapablexfofxfcellularxfautodigestionxfwhenxfitxfisxfreleasedxfduri
ngxfcellxfinjury?
a.xflysosomes
b.xfribosomesc.xfsmoothxfendoplasmi
cxfreticulum
d.xfgolgixfcomplex
Whichxfcomponentxfofxfthexfcellxfproducesxfhydrogenxfperoxidexf(H2O2)xfbyxfusingxfoxygenxftoxfre
movexfhydrogenxfatomsxffromxfspecificxfsubstratesxfinxfanxfoxidativexfreaction?
A)xflysosomes
B)xfperoxisomes
C)xfribosomes
D)xfoxyhydrosomes Ans:xfB-xfperoxisomes
Containxforganellesxfandxfcomplexxfinternalxfmembranes
Thexfdifferencexfbetweenxfeukaryotesxfandxfprokaryotesxfisxfthatxfeukaryotes:
a.xfallxfofxfthesexfanswersxfarexfcorrect
b.xfarexfsmallerxfinxfsize
c.xfcontainxforganelles
d.xfhavexfnoxfnuclearxfmembrane
Whatxfisxfaxfconsequencexfofxfplasmaxfmembranexfdamagexftoxfthexfmitochondria?
A)xfenzymaticxfdigestionxfhaltsxfdeoxyribonucleicxfacidxf(DNA)xfsynthese
B)xfinfluxxfofxfcalciumxfionsxfhaltsxfadenosinexftriphosphatexf(ATP)xfproduction
C)xfedemaxffromxfanxfinfluxxfinxfsodiumxfcausesxfaxfreductionxfinxfATPxfproduction
D)xfpotassiumxfshiftsxfoutxfofxfthexfmitochondria,xfwhichxfdestroysxfthexfinfrastructure
Ans:xfB-xfinfluxxfofxfcalciumxfionsxfhaltsxfadenosinexftriphosphatexf(ATP)xfproduction
Packagesxfproteinxfforxfsecretionxftoxfthexfoutsidexfofxfthexfcell
WhichxfofxfthexffollowingxfisxffunctionxfofxfGolgi?
a.xfPackagesxfproteinxfforxfsecretionxftoxfthexfoutsidexfofxfthexfcell
b.xfProducesxfATPxfforxfcellxffunction
c.xfContainsxfhydrolyticxfenzymes
,d.xfIsxfthexfsitexfofxfproteinxfsynthesisxfinxfaxfcell
Whichxfstatementxfisxfaxfdescriptionxfofxfonexfofxfthexfcharacteristicsxfofxfapoptosis?
A)xfapoptosisxfinvolvesxfprogrammedxfcellxfdeathxfofxfscatteredxfsingelxfcells
B)xfapoptosisxfisxfcharacterizedxfbyxfthexfswellingxfofxfthexfnucleusxfandxfthexfcytoplasm
C)xfapoptosisxfinvolvesxfunpredictablexfpatternsxfofxfcellxfdeath
D)xfapoptosisxfresultsxfinxfbenignxfmalignancies Ans:xfA-
xfapoptosisxfinvolvesxfprogrammedxfcellxfdeathxfofxfscatteredxfsingelxfcells
Duringxfcellxfinjuryxfcausedxfbyxfhypoxia,xfsodiumxfandxfwaterxfmovexfintoxfthexfcellxfbecause:
A)xfduringxfcellxfinjuryxfcausexfbyxfhypoxia,xfsodiumxfandxfwaterxfmovexfintoxfthexfcellxfbecause:
B)xfthexfpumpxfthatxftransportsxfsodiumxfoutxfofxfthexfcellxfcannotxffunctionxfbecausexfofxfaxfdecrease
xfinxfadenosinexftriphosphatexf(ATP)xflevels
C)xfthexfosmoticxfpressurexfisxfincreased,xfwhichxfpullsxfadditionalxfsodiumxfacrossxfthexfcellxfmemb
rane
D)xfoxygenxfisxfnotxfavailablexftoxfbindxfwithxfsodiumxftoxfmaintainxfitxfoutsidexfofxfthexfcell
Ans:xfC-
xfthexfosmoticxfpressurexfisxfincreased,xfwhichxfpullsxfadditionalxfsodiumxfacrossxfthexfcellxfmembra
ne
Isxfthexfsitexfofxfproteinxfsynthesisxfinxfaxfcell
Whichxfofxfthexffollowingxfisxffunctionxfofxfthexfroughxfendoplasmicxfreticulum?
a.xfContainsxfhydrolyticxfenzymes
b.xfIsxfthexfsitexfofxfproteinxfsynthesisxfinxfaxfcell
c.xfPackagesxfproteinxfforxfsecretionxftoxfthexfoutsidexfofxfthexfcell
d.xfProducesxfATPxfforxfcellxffunction
Obesityxfcreatesxfaxfgreaterxfriskxfforxfdehydrationxfinxfpeoplexfbecause:
A)xfadiposexfcellsxfcontainxflittlexfwaterxfbecausexffatxfisxfwaterxfrepelling
B)xfthexfmetabolicxfratesxfofxfobesexfadultsxfarexfslowerxfthanxfthosexfofxfleanxfadults
C)xfthexfratesxfofxfurinexfoutputxfofxfobesexfadultsxfarexfhigherxfthanxfthosxfofxfleanxfadults
D)xfthexfthirstxfreceptorsxfofxfthexfhypothalamusxfdoxfnotxffunctionxfeffectively Ans:xfA-
xfadiposexfcellsxfcontainxflittlexfwaterxfbecausexffatxfisxfwaterxfrepelling
Epigeneticxfmodifications
Whatxfgeneticxfprocessxfisxflikelyxfresponsiblexfforxfthexfoccurrencexfofxfasthmaxfinxfonlyxfon
exfofxfaxfpairxfofxfidenticalxftwins?
a.xfgenomicxfimprinting
b.xfepigeneticxfmodifications
c.xfmethylation
d.xftransgenerationalxfinheritance
, RNAxfisxfsynthesizedxffromxfaxfDNAxftemplate
Transcriptionxfisxfbestxfdefinedxfasxfaxfprocessxfbyxfwhich
a.xfAxfbasexfpairxfsubstitutionxfresultsxfinxfaxfmutationxfofxfthexfaminoxfacidxfsequence
b.xfDNAxfpolymerasexfbindsxftoxfthexfpromoterxfsitexfonxfRNA.
c.xfRNAxfdirectsxfthexfsynthesisxfofxfribosomesxfforxfproteinxfsynthesis
d.xfRNAxfisxfsynthesizedxffromxfaxfDNAxftemplate
nondisjunctionxferror WhatxfisxfthexfmostxfcommonxfcausexfofxfDownxfsyndrome?
a.xfpaternalxftranslocation
b.xfpaternalxfviralxfillness
c.xfnondisjunctionxferror
d.xfmaternalxfviralxfillness
klinefelter
AxfpersonxfwithxfXXXYxfhasxfthexfgeneticxfdisorderxfcalledxf__________xfsyndrome.
a.xfdown
b.xffragilexfx
c.xfklinefelter
d.xfturner
autosomalxfrecessive Cysticxffibrosisxfisxfcausedxfbyxfanxf__________________xfgene.
a.xfx-linkedxfdominant
b.xfautosomalxfrecessive
c.xfautosomalxfdominant
d.xfx-linkedxfrecessive
Whatxfcausesxfthexfclinicalxfmanifestationsxfofxfconfusion,xfconvulsions,xfcerebralxfhemorrhage,xfan
dxfcomaxfinxfhypernatremia?
A)xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfpullsxfwaterxfoutxfofxfthexfbrainxfcellsxfintoxfthexfbloodxfves
sels,xfcausingxfbrainxfcellsxftoxfshrink
B)xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbrainxfcellsxfpullsxfwaterxfoutxfofxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfintoxfthexfbrainxfcell
s,xfcausingxfthemxftoxfswell
C)xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfpullsxfpotassiumxfoutxfofxfthexfbrainxfcells,xfwhichxfslowsxf
thexfsynapsesxfinxfthexfbrain
D)xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfdrawsxfchloridexfintoxfthexfbrainxfcellsxffollowedxfbyxfwate
r,xfcausingxfthexfbrainxfcellsxftoxfswell Ans:xfA-
xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfpullsxfwaterxfoutxfofxfthexfbrainxfcellsxfintoxfthexfbloodxfvessel
s,xfcausingxfbrainxfcellsxftoxfshrink
mitochondria Organellexfthatxfcontainsxfthexfcodexfneededxfforxfoxidativexfphosphorylationxfis:
a.xfmitochondria
b.xflysosomes
c.xfnucleus
d.xfvacuoles
physiologicxfjaundice Axf3-
dayxfoldxfinfantxfisxfnotedxftoxfhavexfaxfmildlyxfelevatedxfunconjugatedxfbilirubinxflevelxfandxficterus.
xfYourxfconcernxfisxfthatxfthisxfchildxfmayxfhave:
a.xfphysiologicxfjaundice
b.xfkernicterus
c.xfglucose-6-phosphatexfdehydrogenasexfdeficiency
d.xfpathologicxfjaundice
Lysosomes
Whichxfcellxfcomponentxfisxfcapablexfofxfcellularxfautodigestionxfwhenxfitxfisxfreleasedxfduri
ngxfcellxfinjury?
a.xflysosomes
b.xfribosomesc.xfsmoothxfendoplasmi
cxfreticulum
d.xfgolgixfcomplex
Whichxfcomponentxfofxfthexfcellxfproducesxfhydrogenxfperoxidexf(H2O2)xfbyxfusingxfoxygenxftoxfre
movexfhydrogenxfatomsxffromxfspecificxfsubstratesxfinxfanxfoxidativexfreaction?
A)xflysosomes
B)xfperoxisomes
C)xfribosomes
D)xfoxyhydrosomes Ans:xfB-xfperoxisomes
Containxforganellesxfandxfcomplexxfinternalxfmembranes
Thexfdifferencexfbetweenxfeukaryotesxfandxfprokaryotesxfisxfthatxfeukaryotes:
a.xfallxfofxfthesexfanswersxfarexfcorrect
b.xfarexfsmallerxfinxfsize
c.xfcontainxforganelles
d.xfhavexfnoxfnuclearxfmembrane
Whatxfisxfaxfconsequencexfofxfplasmaxfmembranexfdamagexftoxfthexfmitochondria?
A)xfenzymaticxfdigestionxfhaltsxfdeoxyribonucleicxfacidxf(DNA)xfsynthese
B)xfinfluxxfofxfcalciumxfionsxfhaltsxfadenosinexftriphosphatexf(ATP)xfproduction
C)xfedemaxffromxfanxfinfluxxfinxfsodiumxfcausesxfaxfreductionxfinxfATPxfproduction
D)xfpotassiumxfshiftsxfoutxfofxfthexfmitochondria,xfwhichxfdestroysxfthexfinfrastructure
Ans:xfB-xfinfluxxfofxfcalciumxfionsxfhaltsxfadenosinexftriphosphatexf(ATP)xfproduction
Packagesxfproteinxfforxfsecretionxftoxfthexfoutsidexfofxfthexfcell
WhichxfofxfthexffollowingxfisxffunctionxfofxfGolgi?
a.xfPackagesxfproteinxfforxfsecretionxftoxfthexfoutsidexfofxfthexfcell
b.xfProducesxfATPxfforxfcellxffunction
c.xfContainsxfhydrolyticxfenzymes
,d.xfIsxfthexfsitexfofxfproteinxfsynthesisxfinxfaxfcell
Whichxfstatementxfisxfaxfdescriptionxfofxfonexfofxfthexfcharacteristicsxfofxfapoptosis?
A)xfapoptosisxfinvolvesxfprogrammedxfcellxfdeathxfofxfscatteredxfsingelxfcells
B)xfapoptosisxfisxfcharacterizedxfbyxfthexfswellingxfofxfthexfnucleusxfandxfthexfcytoplasm
C)xfapoptosisxfinvolvesxfunpredictablexfpatternsxfofxfcellxfdeath
D)xfapoptosisxfresultsxfinxfbenignxfmalignancies Ans:xfA-
xfapoptosisxfinvolvesxfprogrammedxfcellxfdeathxfofxfscatteredxfsingelxfcells
Duringxfcellxfinjuryxfcausedxfbyxfhypoxia,xfsodiumxfandxfwaterxfmovexfintoxfthexfcellxfbecause:
A)xfduringxfcellxfinjuryxfcausexfbyxfhypoxia,xfsodiumxfandxfwaterxfmovexfintoxfthexfcellxfbecause:
B)xfthexfpumpxfthatxftransportsxfsodiumxfoutxfofxfthexfcellxfcannotxffunctionxfbecausexfofxfaxfdecrease
xfinxfadenosinexftriphosphatexf(ATP)xflevels
C)xfthexfosmoticxfpressurexfisxfincreased,xfwhichxfpullsxfadditionalxfsodiumxfacrossxfthexfcellxfmemb
rane
D)xfoxygenxfisxfnotxfavailablexftoxfbindxfwithxfsodiumxftoxfmaintainxfitxfoutsidexfofxfthexfcell
Ans:xfC-
xfthexfosmoticxfpressurexfisxfincreased,xfwhichxfpullsxfadditionalxfsodiumxfacrossxfthexfcellxfmembra
ne
Isxfthexfsitexfofxfproteinxfsynthesisxfinxfaxfcell
Whichxfofxfthexffollowingxfisxffunctionxfofxfthexfroughxfendoplasmicxfreticulum?
a.xfContainsxfhydrolyticxfenzymes
b.xfIsxfthexfsitexfofxfproteinxfsynthesisxfinxfaxfcell
c.xfPackagesxfproteinxfforxfsecretionxftoxfthexfoutsidexfofxfthexfcell
d.xfProducesxfATPxfforxfcellxffunction
Obesityxfcreatesxfaxfgreaterxfriskxfforxfdehydrationxfinxfpeoplexfbecause:
A)xfadiposexfcellsxfcontainxflittlexfwaterxfbecausexffatxfisxfwaterxfrepelling
B)xfthexfmetabolicxfratesxfofxfobesexfadultsxfarexfslowerxfthanxfthosexfofxfleanxfadults
C)xfthexfratesxfofxfurinexfoutputxfofxfobesexfadultsxfarexfhigherxfthanxfthosxfofxfleanxfadults
D)xfthexfthirstxfreceptorsxfofxfthexfhypothalamusxfdoxfnotxffunctionxfeffectively Ans:xfA-
xfadiposexfcellsxfcontainxflittlexfwaterxfbecausexffatxfisxfwaterxfrepelling
Epigeneticxfmodifications
Whatxfgeneticxfprocessxfisxflikelyxfresponsiblexfforxfthexfoccurrencexfofxfasthmaxfinxfonlyxfon
exfofxfaxfpairxfofxfidenticalxftwins?
a.xfgenomicxfimprinting
b.xfepigeneticxfmodifications
c.xfmethylation
d.xftransgenerationalxfinheritance
, RNAxfisxfsynthesizedxffromxfaxfDNAxftemplate
Transcriptionxfisxfbestxfdefinedxfasxfaxfprocessxfbyxfwhich
a.xfAxfbasexfpairxfsubstitutionxfresultsxfinxfaxfmutationxfofxfthexfaminoxfacidxfsequence
b.xfDNAxfpolymerasexfbindsxftoxfthexfpromoterxfsitexfonxfRNA.
c.xfRNAxfdirectsxfthexfsynthesisxfofxfribosomesxfforxfproteinxfsynthesis
d.xfRNAxfisxfsynthesizedxffromxfaxfDNAxftemplate
nondisjunctionxferror WhatxfisxfthexfmostxfcommonxfcausexfofxfDownxfsyndrome?
a.xfpaternalxftranslocation
b.xfpaternalxfviralxfillness
c.xfnondisjunctionxferror
d.xfmaternalxfviralxfillness
klinefelter
AxfpersonxfwithxfXXXYxfhasxfthexfgeneticxfdisorderxfcalledxf__________xfsyndrome.
a.xfdown
b.xffragilexfx
c.xfklinefelter
d.xfturner
autosomalxfrecessive Cysticxffibrosisxfisxfcausedxfbyxfanxf__________________xfgene.
a.xfx-linkedxfdominant
b.xfautosomalxfrecessive
c.xfautosomalxfdominant
d.xfx-linkedxfrecessive
Whatxfcausesxfthexfclinicalxfmanifestationsxfofxfconfusion,xfconvulsions,xfcerebralxfhemorrhage,xfan
dxfcomaxfinxfhypernatremia?
A)xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfpullsxfwaterxfoutxfofxfthexfbrainxfcellsxfintoxfthexfbloodxfves
sels,xfcausingxfbrainxfcellsxftoxfshrink
B)xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbrainxfcellsxfpullsxfwaterxfoutxfofxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfintoxfthexfbrainxfcell
s,xfcausingxfthemxftoxfswell
C)xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfpullsxfpotassiumxfoutxfofxfthexfbrainxfcells,xfwhichxfslowsxf
thexfsynapsesxfinxfthexfbrain
D)xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfdrawsxfchloridexfintoxfthexfbrainxfcellsxffollowedxfbyxfwate
r,xfcausingxfthexfbrainxfcellsxftoxfswell Ans:xfA-
xfhighxfsodiumxfinxfthexfbloodxfvesselsxfpullsxfwaterxfoutxfofxfthexfbrainxfcellsxfintoxfthexfbloodxfvessel
s,xfcausingxfbrainxfcellsxftoxfshrink
mitochondria Organellexfthatxfcontainsxfthexfcodexfneededxfforxfoxidativexfphosphorylationxfis:
a.xfmitochondria
b.xflysosomes
c.xfnucleus
d.xfvacuoles
