NBME CBSE ACTUAL TEST QUIZ BANK
LATEST UPDATE 2026 WITH QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWERS.
Type II pneumocytes - ANS-surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - ANS-Killed = Salk = igg
Live = Sabin = igg + iga
Can be shed in feces
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - ANS-Bronchial circulation causes
,*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
Than in pulmonary capillaries
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - ANS-Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
Or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - ANS-Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - ANS-Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - ANS-macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Normal A-a gradient - ANS-5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - ANS-*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
,AT --> AT II
Where and how - ANS-ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bv
C5a induces what - ANS-PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - ANS-BP cuff - appear and disappear
In inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - ANS-10mmhg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - ANS-Cardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign - ANS-JVP rises *during inspiration*
Constrictive Pericardiditis
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - ANS-Lysine interchain
crosslinks
Air pressure and
Intrapleural pressure at FRC - ANS-Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
, Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - ANS-Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - ANS-LHF, pulmonary edema,
Pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - ANS-emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - ANS-DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - ANS-pulmonary = systemic
More ventilation is at the - ANS-BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - ANS-basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
Low po2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - ANS-low ph, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - ANS-*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - ANS-carboxyhemoglobin
LATEST UPDATE 2026 WITH QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWERS.
Type II pneumocytes - ANS-surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - ANS-Killed = Salk = igg
Live = Sabin = igg + iga
Can be shed in feces
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - ANS-Bronchial circulation causes
,*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
Than in pulmonary capillaries
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - ANS-Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
Or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - ANS-Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - ANS-Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - ANS-macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Normal A-a gradient - ANS-5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - ANS-*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
,AT --> AT II
Where and how - ANS-ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bv
C5a induces what - ANS-PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - ANS-BP cuff - appear and disappear
In inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - ANS-10mmhg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - ANS-Cardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign - ANS-JVP rises *during inspiration*
Constrictive Pericardiditis
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - ANS-Lysine interchain
crosslinks
Air pressure and
Intrapleural pressure at FRC - ANS-Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
, Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - ANS-Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - ANS-LHF, pulmonary edema,
Pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - ANS-emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - ANS-DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - ANS-pulmonary = systemic
More ventilation is at the - ANS-BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - ANS-basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
Low po2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - ANS-low ph, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - ANS-*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - ANS-carboxyhemoglobin
