BIO 101 Exam 1 | BIOD 101 Modules 2-6 & Mega Final Exam|
Portage Learning | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Questions and
Answers Guide
Module 2: Cellular Organization and Structure
Question 1
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of:
A) Neutrons
B) Electrons
C) Protons
D) Isotopes
Correct Answer: C) Protons
,*Rationale: The atomic number defines the element and equals the number of protons in
the nucleus. Neutrons contribute to mass number, and isotopes have different numbers of
neutrons .
Question 2
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Ion
Correct Answer: C) Electron
*Rationale: Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus in electron shells.
Protons have a positive charge, and neutrons are neutral. Ions are charged atoms, not
subatomic particles .
Question 3
A molecule forms when:
A) One atom breaks apart
B) Two or more atoms bond chemically
,C) An atom gains an electron
D) An atom loses a proton
Correct Answer: B) Two or more atoms bond chemically
*Rationale: A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond chemically, as in H₂O.
This is a fundamental concept in chemistry of life .
Question 4
Which of the following is a covalent bond?
A) Sharing of electron pairs between atoms
B) Attraction between opposite ions
C) Hydrogen atom attraction to oxygen
D) Weak bond between polar molecules
Correct Answer: A) Sharing of electron pairs between atoms
*Rationale: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, forming
strong chemical bonds. Ionic bonds involve attraction between opposite ions .
Question 5
, Which statement best defines homeostasis?
A) The ability to reproduce
B) Maintaining internal balance
C) Changing to match environment
D) Rapid adaptation
Correct Answer: B) Maintaining internal balance
*Rationale: Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions regardless of
external changes. It is one of the key criteria of life .
Question 6
The monomers of proteins are:
A) Fatty acids
B) Monosaccharides
C) Amino acids
D) Nucleotides
Correct Answer: C) Amino acids
*Rationale: Proteins are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. This is a
fundamental concept in macromolecule structure .
Portage Learning | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Questions and
Answers Guide
Module 2: Cellular Organization and Structure
Question 1
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of:
A) Neutrons
B) Electrons
C) Protons
D) Isotopes
Correct Answer: C) Protons
,*Rationale: The atomic number defines the element and equals the number of protons in
the nucleus. Neutrons contribute to mass number, and isotopes have different numbers of
neutrons .
Question 2
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Ion
Correct Answer: C) Electron
*Rationale: Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus in electron shells.
Protons have a positive charge, and neutrons are neutral. Ions are charged atoms, not
subatomic particles .
Question 3
A molecule forms when:
A) One atom breaks apart
B) Two or more atoms bond chemically
,C) An atom gains an electron
D) An atom loses a proton
Correct Answer: B) Two or more atoms bond chemically
*Rationale: A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond chemically, as in H₂O.
This is a fundamental concept in chemistry of life .
Question 4
Which of the following is a covalent bond?
A) Sharing of electron pairs between atoms
B) Attraction between opposite ions
C) Hydrogen atom attraction to oxygen
D) Weak bond between polar molecules
Correct Answer: A) Sharing of electron pairs between atoms
*Rationale: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, forming
strong chemical bonds. Ionic bonds involve attraction between opposite ions .
Question 5
, Which statement best defines homeostasis?
A) The ability to reproduce
B) Maintaining internal balance
C) Changing to match environment
D) Rapid adaptation
Correct Answer: B) Maintaining internal balance
*Rationale: Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions regardless of
external changes. It is one of the key criteria of life .
Question 6
The monomers of proteins are:
A) Fatty acids
B) Monosaccharides
C) Amino acids
D) Nucleotides
Correct Answer: C) Amino acids
*Rationale: Proteins are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. This is a
fundamental concept in macromolecule structure .
