SNHD AEMT PROTOCOLS QUIZ EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Childbirth/labor history.
Answer: Due date; time contractions started/duration/frequency; rupture
of membranes (meconium); time and amount of any vaginal bleeding;
sensation of fetal movement; pre-natal care; past medical and delivery
history; medications; gravida/para status; high risk pregnancy
⩥ Childbirth/labor signs and symptoms.
Answer: spasmodic pain; vaginal discharge or bleeding; crowning or
urge to push; meconium
⩥ Childbirth/labor differential.
Answer: abnormal presentation (breech, limb); prolapsed cord; placenta
previa; abruptio placenta
⩥ Childbirth/labor pearls.
Answer: document all times (delivery, contraction duration and
frequency)
some bleeding is normal; copious amounts of blood or free bleeding is
abnormal
,Record APGAR at one and five minutes after birth
APGAR of 7-10 is normal, while 4-7 requires resuscitative measures
⩥ APGAR.
Answer: Activity muscle tone: 0: absent 1: arms/legs flexed 2: active
movement
Pulse: 0: absent 1: below 100 2: above 100
grimace/reflex irritability: 0: no response 1: grimace 2: sneeze, cough,
pulls away
appearance/skin color: 0: blue-grey, pale all over 1: normal, except
extremities 2: normal over entire body
respiration: 0: absent 1: slow, irregular 2: good, crying
⩥ Cold related illness.
Answer: 1. general adult assessment
2. remove from environment; temperature measurement; remove wet
clothing; dry/warm patient; passive warming measures
3. localized cold injury: monitor and reassess; general wound care; do
not rub skin to warm; do not allow refreezing
Systemic hypothermia:
Unresponsive > pulse present > no > cardiac arrest
Awake with/without altered mental status >
respiratory distress: yes - respiratory distress protocol
,no: activate warming measures > vascular access > NS or LR bolus 500
mL IV/IO repeat to effect SBP > 90 max 2 L > General adult trauma
assessment > shock > monitor and reassess
Continue general patient care and transport
⩥ Cold-related illness signs and symptoms.
Answer: AMS/coma; cold, clammy; shivering; extremity pain;
bradycardia; hypotension or shock
⩥ Cold-related illness differential.
Answer: sepsis; environmental exposure; hypoglycemia; stroke; head
injury; spinal cord injury
⩥ Cold-related illness Pearls.
Answer: Extremes of age are more prone to cold emergencies
Obtain and document patient temp
Active warming includes hot packs that can be used on the armpit and
groin; care should be taken not to place the packs directly on the skin
Warm saline or LR IV may be used
Recognize the cardiac arrest resuscitation guidelines for the hypothermic
patient
⩥ Hypothermia categories.
Answer: mild 90-95 F (33-35 C)
, Moderate 82-90 F (28-32 C)
Severe <82 F (<28 C)
⩥ Hypothermia mechanisms.
Answer: radiation; convection; conduction; evaporation
⩥ Drowning.
Answer: 1. General adult assessment
2: airway protected and ventilation adequate?
No: ventilation management, consider Cervical stabilization
Yes: Consider cervical stabilization
3. oxygen 15 L NRB; SPO2
4. Albuterol 2.5 mg in 3 ml SVN; repeat until improvement
5 Continue General adult assessment
⩥ Drowning caveats.
Answer: 1. Adequate ventilation is key
2. for patients breathing on their own, start oxygen 15 L NRB; for
patients not adequately breathing > BVM
3. Do not suction foam in airway, just bag through it initially
4. For drowning victims in cardiac arrest, emphasis should be on good
oxygenation/ventilation > use traditional 30:2 CPR
STUDY GUIDE 2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Childbirth/labor history.
Answer: Due date; time contractions started/duration/frequency; rupture
of membranes (meconium); time and amount of any vaginal bleeding;
sensation of fetal movement; pre-natal care; past medical and delivery
history; medications; gravida/para status; high risk pregnancy
⩥ Childbirth/labor signs and symptoms.
Answer: spasmodic pain; vaginal discharge or bleeding; crowning or
urge to push; meconium
⩥ Childbirth/labor differential.
Answer: abnormal presentation (breech, limb); prolapsed cord; placenta
previa; abruptio placenta
⩥ Childbirth/labor pearls.
Answer: document all times (delivery, contraction duration and
frequency)
some bleeding is normal; copious amounts of blood or free bleeding is
abnormal
,Record APGAR at one and five minutes after birth
APGAR of 7-10 is normal, while 4-7 requires resuscitative measures
⩥ APGAR.
Answer: Activity muscle tone: 0: absent 1: arms/legs flexed 2: active
movement
Pulse: 0: absent 1: below 100 2: above 100
grimace/reflex irritability: 0: no response 1: grimace 2: sneeze, cough,
pulls away
appearance/skin color: 0: blue-grey, pale all over 1: normal, except
extremities 2: normal over entire body
respiration: 0: absent 1: slow, irregular 2: good, crying
⩥ Cold related illness.
Answer: 1. general adult assessment
2. remove from environment; temperature measurement; remove wet
clothing; dry/warm patient; passive warming measures
3. localized cold injury: monitor and reassess; general wound care; do
not rub skin to warm; do not allow refreezing
Systemic hypothermia:
Unresponsive > pulse present > no > cardiac arrest
Awake with/without altered mental status >
respiratory distress: yes - respiratory distress protocol
,no: activate warming measures > vascular access > NS or LR bolus 500
mL IV/IO repeat to effect SBP > 90 max 2 L > General adult trauma
assessment > shock > monitor and reassess
Continue general patient care and transport
⩥ Cold-related illness signs and symptoms.
Answer: AMS/coma; cold, clammy; shivering; extremity pain;
bradycardia; hypotension or shock
⩥ Cold-related illness differential.
Answer: sepsis; environmental exposure; hypoglycemia; stroke; head
injury; spinal cord injury
⩥ Cold-related illness Pearls.
Answer: Extremes of age are more prone to cold emergencies
Obtain and document patient temp
Active warming includes hot packs that can be used on the armpit and
groin; care should be taken not to place the packs directly on the skin
Warm saline or LR IV may be used
Recognize the cardiac arrest resuscitation guidelines for the hypothermic
patient
⩥ Hypothermia categories.
Answer: mild 90-95 F (33-35 C)
, Moderate 82-90 F (28-32 C)
Severe <82 F (<28 C)
⩥ Hypothermia mechanisms.
Answer: radiation; convection; conduction; evaporation
⩥ Drowning.
Answer: 1. General adult assessment
2: airway protected and ventilation adequate?
No: ventilation management, consider Cervical stabilization
Yes: Consider cervical stabilization
3. oxygen 15 L NRB; SPO2
4. Albuterol 2.5 mg in 3 ml SVN; repeat until improvement
5 Continue General adult assessment
⩥ Drowning caveats.
Answer: 1. Adequate ventilation is key
2. for patients breathing on their own, start oxygen 15 L NRB; for
patients not adequately breathing > BVM
3. Do not suction foam in airway, just bag through it initially
4. For drowning victims in cardiac arrest, emphasis should be on good
oxygenation/ventilation > use traditional 30:2 CPR
