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Samenvatting Hart & Vaten 1 - Geneeskunde UA

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Deze samenvatting behandelt het volledige Hart & Vaten 1 cursus voor 2e bachelor geneeskunde aan de Universiteit Antwerpen. De samenvatting omvat het cardiovasculair systeem, de hartcyclus, hartdebiet, anatomie van het hart en grote bloedvaten, en hartfalen met fysiopathologie en klinische aspecten. Het document heeft in totaal 240 pagina's, onderwerpen die belangrijk waren zijn aangeduid met een ster. Succes!

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Samenvatting:
Hart & Vaten




2e bachelor geneeskunde
jaar 2025 - 2026

, Overzicht Hart & Vaten

1. Inleiding: Het cardiovasculair systeem:.......................................................................... 5
1.1. Belang:........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2. Opbouw:...................................................................................................................... 6
1.3. Schikking vd organen/vaatbedden:............................................................................. 6
1.4. Bloedstroom doorheen het hart:..................................................................................7
1.5. Vasculair systeem:...................................................................................................... 8

2. De hartcyclus:.................................................................................................................... 9
2.1. Belang van drukverschillen en kleppen.......................................................................9
2.2. Fasen in de cyclus:....................................................................................................10
2.3. Atriale & ventriculaire systole:................................................................................... 12
2.4. Ventriculaire volumes:............................................................................................... 12
2.5. Atrium en aortadruk:..................................................................................................12
2.6. Effect van atriale contractie op de ventriculaire vulling:............................................ 13
2.7. Harttonen:..................................................................................................................14

3. Hartdebiet en zijn determinanten:.................................................................................. 16
3.1. Hartdebiet:.................................................................................................................16
3.2. Meettechnieken:........................................................................................................ 17
3.3. Veranderingen:.......................................................................................................... 17
3.4. Hart- en skeletspier:.................................................................................................. 18
3.6. Afterload:................................................................................................................... 21
3.7. Inotropie:................................................................................................................... 24
3.8. Interactie preload, afterload en inotropie:..................................................................26

4. Anatomie vh hart & grote bloedvaten:........................................................................... 27
4.1. Thoraxwand:..............................................................................................................27
4.2. Algemene begrippen van het hart:............................................................................ 28
4.3. Rechter Atria:............................................................................................................ 29
4.4. Rechter ventrikel:...................................................................................................... 31
4.5. Linker atrium:.............................................................................................................32
4.6. Linker ventrikel:......................................................................................................... 32
4.7. Hartkleppen:.............................................................................................................. 33
4.8. Bloedvoorziening (van het hart):............................................................................... 36
4.9. Pericard:.................................................................................................................... 38
4.10. Geleidingssysteem:................................................................................................. 39

5. Hartfalen: fysiopathologie en kliniek:............................................................................ 39
5.1. Inleiding hartfalen:..................................................................................................... 39
5.2. Systolisch en diastolisch hartfalen:........................................................................... 40
5.3. Adaptatiemechanismen:............................................................................................42
5.4. Klachten hartfalen:.................................................................................................... 44

, 5.5. Linker hartfalen: klinische manifestaties:...................................................................45
5.6. RX Thorax:................................................................................................................ 46
5.7. Rechterhartfalen:.......................................................................................................47
5.8. Behandeling hartfalen:.............................................................................................. 48
5.9. Casus hartfalen:........................................................................................................ 52

6. Klinisch onderzoek: harttonen en hartgeruis:.............................................................. 56
6.1. Inspectie:................................................................................................................... 56
6.2. Polsslag:....................................................................................................................58
6.3. Centraal veneuze druk:............................................................................................. 59
6.4. Hart palpatie:............................................................................................................. 59
6.5. Hartauscultatie:......................................................................................................... 61

7. Vasculaire functie:........................................................................................................... 65
7.1. Anatomie en functie:..................................................................................................65
7.2. Arteriële bloeddruk:................................................................................................... 67
7.3. Systeemvaatweerstand:............................................................................................ 71
7.4. Cardiovasculair endotheel:........................................................................................79
7.5. Veneuze druk:........................................................................................................... 85
7.6. Veneuze terugkeer en hartdebiet:............................................................................. 88

8. Histologie van bloedvormend weefsel, bloedvaten & hart:......................................... 93
8.1. Bloed:........................................................................................................................ 93
8.2. Bloedvaten:............................................................................................................... 93
8.3. Hart:...........................................................................................................................97

9. Advanced Cardiac Life Support:.................................................................................. 102
9.1. Elektrische therapie bij ritmestoornissen: cardioversie/defibrillatie:........................ 102
9.2. Plotse dood:............................................................................................................ 104
9.3. Life support:.............................................................................................................105

10. Elektrische activiteit van het hart:..............................................................................109
10.1. Membraan exciteerbaarheid:.................................................................................109
10.2. Elektrochemische eigenschappen van een cel:.....................................................111
10.2. Drijvende kracht:....................................................................................................116
10.3. Hoe elektriciteit het hart drijft:................................................................................ 116
10.4. Cardiaal actiepotentiaal:........................................................................................ 118
10.5. Arrhythmias:.......................................................................................................... 129

11. Practicum ECG:............................................................................................................ 138
11.1. Het belang van een ECG:......................................................................................138
11.2. Het volledige ECG:................................................................................................ 138
11.3. ECG varianten:...................................................................................................... 143
11.4. ECG fouten:...........................................................................................................144

, 12. Neurohumorale controle van hart en circulatie:....................................................... 145
12.1. via autonoom zenuwstelsel:.................................................................................. 145
12.2. baroreceptoren:..................................................................................................... 148
12.3. Chemoreceptoren:.................................................................................................150
controle via humorale factoren:...................................................................................... 151

13. Medische fysica circulatie: druk, flow & weerstand:................................................ 154
13.1. Inleiding circulair systeem:.................................................................................... 154
13.2. Haemodynamica:.................................................................................................. 154
13.3. Parabolische flowsnelheid:....................................................................................156
13.4. Newtoniaans vs. niet-Newtoniaans:...................................................................... 157
13.5. Viscositeit van bloed:.............................................................................................157
13.6. Bloeddruk:............................................................................................................. 158
13.7. Wet van Bernouilli:................................................................................................ 159
13.8. Bloeddruk meting.................................................................................................. 159
13.9. Elasticiteit:............................................................................................................. 160
13.10. Wet van Laplace:.................................................................................................161

14. Syncope:....................................................................................................................... 163
14.1. Algemene inleiding:............................................................................................... 163
14.2. Oorzaken en differentiaaldiagnose:.......................................................................164
14.3. Vasovagale syncope:............................................................................................ 164
14.4. Carotis sinus syncope:.......................................................................................... 167
14.5. Orthostatische syncope:........................................................................................167
14.5. Cardiale syncope:..................................................................................................167
14.6. Mortaliteit en Evaluatie:......................................................................................... 168

15. Cardiovasculaire aanpassing bij inspanning:...........................................................169
15.1. Inleiding:................................................................................................................ 169
15.2. Mechanische, chemische actie en stimuli bij inspanning:..................................... 170
15.3. Activatie autonoom zenuwstelsel:......................................................................... 171
15.4. Hormonale aanpassingen:.................................................................................... 171
15.3. Veranderingen in hemodynamica:.........................................................................172
15.4. Beïnvloedende factoren:....................................................................................... 173

16. Orgaanperfusie:........................................................................................................... 174
16.1. Distributie van hartdebiet:......................................................................................174
16.2. Lokale regeling van de doorbloeding:................................................................... 174
16.3. Autoregulatie:........................................................................................................ 175
16.4. Hyperemie:............................................................................................................ 176

17. Coronaire circulatie:.................................................................................................... 177
17.1. Coronaire arteriën:................................................................................................ 177
17.2. structurele aanpassingen van coronaire circulatie:............................................... 178

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