NUR 521 Exam 4 Blueprint Practice Questions and Answers | 2026 Updated | 100% Correct | Already Graded A+ | With Complete Solution

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Universityof Alabama.
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Exam4BlueprintPractice Questions cf cf cf cf




Section1:BasicQuestionsAboutAntifungals cf cf cf cf cf




Question1Whichof thefollowing isanopportunisticsystemicfungal infection?
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• A) Sporotrichosis cf




• B) Aspergillosis cf




• C) Blastomycosis cf




• D)Histoplasmosis cf




Answer: B Rationale: Opportunistic systemic fungal infections occur in immunocompromised patie
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nts and include Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, and Mucormycosis. Non-
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opportunisticinfections,suchassporotrichosis,blastomycosis,andhistoplasmosis,affecthealthy indi
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viduals.

Question2 What is thedrug of choice(DOC)formost systemicfungal infections?
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• A) Fluconazole cf




• B) Amphotericin B cf cf




• C) Itraconazole cf




• D) Ketoconazole cf




Answer:BRationale:Amphotericin BistheDOCformostsystemicfungalinfectionsdueto its broad-
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spectrum antifungal activity, despite its high toxicity.
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Question3Whichantifungaliseffectiveagainstbothsystemicandsuperficialfungal infections bu
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t has a black box warning for patients with heart failure?
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• A) Amphotericin B cf cf




• B) Itraconazole cf




• C) Fluconazole cf




• D)Terbinafine cf




Answer: B Rationale: Itraconazole is effective for both systemic and superficial fungal infectionsbut
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hasaBBWduetoitsnegativeinotropiceffects, contraindicatingitsuseinpatients with heart failure.
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Question4Whichantifungalisprimarily usedtotreatsuperficialfungalinfections, suchas candidiasis
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?

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,• A) Amphotericin B
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• B) Fluconazole
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• C) Itraconazole
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• D) Ketoconazole
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,Answer: B Rationale: Fluconazole is a commonly prescribed antifungal for superficial infections
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like candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis.
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Question 5 Which organism is responsible for the majority of cases of superficial fungal infections
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?

• A) Candida albicans
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• B) Aspergillus spp.
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• C) Cryptococcus neoformans
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• D) Mucorales spp.
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Answer: A Rationale: Candida albicans is a common cause of superficial fungal infections, particularl
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y involving mucosal surfaces, skin, and nails.
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Question 6 What is the primary safety concern associated with Amphotericin B?
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• A) Hepatotoxicity
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• B) Nephrotoxicity and infusion reactions
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• C) Cardiotoxicity
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• D) Ototoxicity cf g




Answer: B Rationale: Amphotericin B has significant nephrotoxicity and infusion-
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related reactions, limiting its use to life-threatening fungal infections.
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Question 7 Which antifungal is the DOC for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis?
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• A) Amphotericin B
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• B) Fluconazole
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• C) Itraconazole
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• D) Ketoconazole cf g




Answer: C Rationale: Itraconazole is the preferred agent for non-
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opportunistic systemic infections such as histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. g
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Question 8 What is the recommended antifungal for cryptococcal meningitis?
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• A) Amphotericin B
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• B) Itraconazole
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• C) Fluconazole
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• D) Terbinafine cf g




Answer: C Rationale: Fluconazole is effective in treating cryptococcal meningitis, particularly i
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n immunocompromised patients.
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Question 9 Which antifungal carries the highest risk for systemic toxicity and is reserved for
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life-threatening infections?
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, • A) Fluconazole cf g


• B) Amphotericin B cf g cf g


• C) Itraconazole cf g


• D) Voriconazole cf g




Answer: B Rationale: Amphotericin B is highly effective but carries a significant risk of nephrotoxicity
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and other adverse effects, making it reserved for severe infections.
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Question 10 What is the mechanism of action of Azole antifungals like Itraconazole and Fluconazol
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e?

• A) Inhibit DNA synthesis g
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• B) Inhibit cell wall synthesis
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• C) Inhibit ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes
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• D) Disrupt protein synthesis g
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Answer: C Rationale: Azole antifungals inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of
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fungal cell membranes, disrupting fungal growth and survival.
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Section 2: Patient Scenarios g
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Question 11 A 55-year- cf g cf g cf g


old construction worker presents with pulmonary infiltrates and weight loss. A biopsy confirms H
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istoplasma capsulatum. Which antifungal is the DOC for this systemic infection? g
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• A) Amphotericin B cf g cf g


• B) Itraconazole cf g


• C) Fluconazole cf g


• D) Ketoconazole cf g




Answer: B Rationale: Itraconazole is the preferred antifungal for treating systemic infections like
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histoplasmosis, offering a less toxic alternative to Amphotericin B.
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Question 12 A 65-year- g
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old diabetic man presents with fever, cough, and hemoptysis. Imaging reveals lung nodules, and cu
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lture grows Aspergillus fumigatus. Which antifungal is most appropriate?
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• A) Fluconazole cf g


• B) Amphotericin B cf g cf g


• C) Itraconazole cf g


• D) Ketoconazole cf g




Answer: B Rationale: Amphotericin B is the DOC for systemic aspergillosis due to its broad-
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spectrum activity and efficacy in life-threatening infections.
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