C HAPTER 42: F LUID , E LECTROLYTE , AND
A CID -B ASE B ALANCE
Fundamentals of Nursing 10th Edition; Potter Perry
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A client is prescribed 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline), which is an
isotonic solution. The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such
intravenous therapy is to:
A. Expand the volume of fluid in the vascular system
B. Pull fluid from the cells
C. Keep protein levels norm al
D. Move fluid into the cells
ANS: A
Isotonic solutions such as normal saline, 0.9% sodium chloride, expand
the bodys fluid volume without causing a fluid shift from one
compartment to another. The remaining options describe the function
of other t ypes of fluids.
DIF: A REF: 968 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing
Process: Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation:
Physiological Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
,2. A client is prescribed 3% sodium chloride, which is a hypertonic solution.
The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such intravenous therapy is to:
A. Expand the volume of fluid in the vascular system
B. Pull fluid from the cells
C. Keep protein levels normal
D. Move fluid into the cells
ANS: B
A hypertonic solution (a solution of higher osmotic p ressure), such as
3% sodium chloride, pulls fluid from cells, causing them to shrink. The
remaining options describe the function of other t ypes of fluids.
DIF: A REF: 968 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing
Process: Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designat ion:
Physiological Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
3. A client is prescribed 0.45% sodium chloride, which is a hypotonic
solution. The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such intravenous
therapy is to:
A. Expand the volume of fluid in the vascular system
B. Pull fluid from the cells
C. Keep protein levels normal
D. Move fluid into the cells
ANS: D
Hypotonic solutions (a solution of lower osmotic pressure), such as
0.45% sodium chloride, move fluid into the cells, causing them to
, enlarge. The remaining opt ions describe the function of other types of
fluids.
DIF: A REF: 968 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing
Process: Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation:
Physiological Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
4. The nurse recognizes which of the follo wing clients is at the greatest risk
for dehydration?
A. A 35-year-old client diagnosed with Crohns disease
B. A 15-year-old client who is following a low -carbohydrate diet
C. A 2-year-old client diagnosed with an allergy to milk proteins
D. A 79-year-old client who h as been diagnosed with advanced
Alzheimers disease
ANS: D
Infants, clients with neurological or psychological problems, and some
older adults who are unable to perceive or respond to the thirst
mechanism are at risk for dehydration.
DIF: C REF: 978-979 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Physiological
Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
5. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for insensible water loss?
A. A 37-year-old with a superficial bur n to the left hand
B. A 15-year-old experiencing an asthmatic attack
C. A 50-year-old with type 2 diabetes
, D. A 73-year-old with a history of pneumonia
ANS: B
Insensible water loss is continuous and occurs through the skin and
lungs. A person does not perceive th e loss, but it can significantl y
increase with fever or burns. This insensible water loss increases in
response to changes in respiratory rate and depth. In addition, devices
for administering oxygen increase insensible water loss from the lungs.
The teenager experiencing the asthmatic attack is at greatest risk
because of the increased respiratory involvement and possible fever.
Type 2 diabetes does not necessaril y increase insensible water loss,
and the remaining clients may have a small risk.
DIF: C REF: 970 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Physiological
Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
6. Which of the following foods will have the greatest impact on the water
balance of the person consuming it?
A. A pickle
B. A banana
C. A milkshake
D. A spinach salad
ANS: A
Sodium ions are the major contributors to maintaining water balance
through their effect on serum osmolalit y, nerve impulse transmission,
regulation of acid -base balance, and participation in cellular chemical
A CID -B ASE B ALANCE
Fundamentals of Nursing 10th Edition; Potter Perry
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A client is prescribed 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline), which is an
isotonic solution. The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such
intravenous therapy is to:
A. Expand the volume of fluid in the vascular system
B. Pull fluid from the cells
C. Keep protein levels norm al
D. Move fluid into the cells
ANS: A
Isotonic solutions such as normal saline, 0.9% sodium chloride, expand
the bodys fluid volume without causing a fluid shift from one
compartment to another. The remaining options describe the function
of other t ypes of fluids.
DIF: A REF: 968 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing
Process: Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation:
Physiological Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
,2. A client is prescribed 3% sodium chloride, which is a hypertonic solution.
The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such intravenous therapy is to:
A. Expand the volume of fluid in the vascular system
B. Pull fluid from the cells
C. Keep protein levels normal
D. Move fluid into the cells
ANS: B
A hypertonic solution (a solution of higher osmotic p ressure), such as
3% sodium chloride, pulls fluid from cells, causing them to shrink. The
remaining options describe the function of other t ypes of fluids.
DIF: A REF: 968 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing
Process: Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designat ion:
Physiological Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
3. A client is prescribed 0.45% sodium chloride, which is a hypotonic
solution. The nurse recognizes the primary goal of such intravenous
therapy is to:
A. Expand the volume of fluid in the vascular system
B. Pull fluid from the cells
C. Keep protein levels normal
D. Move fluid into the cells
ANS: D
Hypotonic solutions (a solution of lower osmotic pressure), such as
0.45% sodium chloride, move fluid into the cells, causing them to
, enlarge. The remaining opt ions describe the function of other types of
fluids.
DIF: A REF: 968 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing
Process: Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation:
Physiological Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
4. The nurse recognizes which of the follo wing clients is at the greatest risk
for dehydration?
A. A 35-year-old client diagnosed with Crohns disease
B. A 15-year-old client who is following a low -carbohydrate diet
C. A 2-year-old client diagnosed with an allergy to milk proteins
D. A 79-year-old client who h as been diagnosed with advanced
Alzheimers disease
ANS: D
Infants, clients with neurological or psychological problems, and some
older adults who are unable to perceive or respond to the thirst
mechanism are at risk for dehydration.
DIF: C REF: 978-979 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Physiological
Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
5. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for insensible water loss?
A. A 37-year-old with a superficial bur n to the left hand
B. A 15-year-old experiencing an asthmatic attack
C. A 50-year-old with type 2 diabetes
, D. A 73-year-old with a history of pneumonia
ANS: B
Insensible water loss is continuous and occurs through the skin and
lungs. A person does not perceive th e loss, but it can significantl y
increase with fever or burns. This insensible water loss increases in
response to changes in respiratory rate and depth. In addition, devices
for administering oxygen increase insensible water loss from the lungs.
The teenager experiencing the asthmatic attack is at greatest risk
because of the increased respiratory involvement and possible fever.
Type 2 diabetes does not necessaril y increase insensible water loss,
and the remaining clients may have a small risk.
DIF: C REF: 970 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Physiological
Adaptation/Fluid and Electrol yte Imbalances
6. Which of the following foods will have the greatest impact on the water
balance of the person consuming it?
A. A pickle
B. A banana
C. A milkshake
D. A spinach salad
ANS: A
Sodium ions are the major contributors to maintaining water balance
through their effect on serum osmolalit y, nerve impulse transmission,
regulation of acid -base balance, and participation in cellular chemical
