NSG-532 EXAM 1 MODULE 1,2,3 WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS| CURRENTLY TESTING
VERSION | ALREADY GRADED
A+|NEWEST|EXPERT VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS 2026/2027| RUSH
UNIVERSITY
What is endocytosis?
A process that internalizes extracellular macromolecules for degradation or recycling
back to the plasma membrane.
What are the three forms of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis (fluid particles), phagocytosis (solid particles), and receptor-mediated
endocytosis (specific binding to receptors).
What is the function of lysosomes?
They act as the cell's recycling center, digesting materials from phagocytosis,
autophagy, and endocytosis.
What is the difference between autophagy and phagocytosis?
Autophagy involves the digestion of internal organelles, while phagocytosis involves the
uptake of external particles.
What is exocytosis?
An ATP-dependent process that releases materials from the cell, opposite to
endocytosis.
What are peroxisomes involved in?
1|Page
,Oxidation of long fatty acids, protection from hydrogen peroxide, and biosynthesis of
plasmalogens.
What are microtubules, and what is their function?
Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton that provide structural support and facilitate
intracellular transport.
What are intermediate filaments, and what is their role?
Intermediate filaments provide mechanical support to cells and help maintain their
shape.
What are microfilaments, and what do they do?
Microfilaments are involved in cell movement and shape changes, playing a key role in
muscle contraction.
How do transport vesicles function in the cell?
They carry proteins and lipids from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and then to the cell
membrane.
What is the role of ATP synthase in mitochondria?
It synthesizes ATP from ADP using the energy from the proton gradient created by the
electron transport chain.
What is the significance of mitochondrial DNA?
It is involved in ATP biosynthesis and is inherited maternally.
What is the function of sorting endosomes?
They sort endocytosed particles to be sent to lysosomes or recycling endosomes.
What happens to exosomes during exocytosis?
They fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular
environment.
What is the cytoskeleton?
2|Page
, A vast network of protein-based fibers extending throughout the cell.
What are microfilaments made of and what is their purpose?
Twisted pairs of contractile actin protein polymers; they maintain cellular morphology,
cause movement through contraction, and move organelles intracellularly.
What are microtubules composed of and what functions do they serve?
Alpha and beta tubulin protein polymers; they maintain cell shape, move organelles,
and provide paths for intracellular transport.
What is the centrosome and its role during mitosis?
An organelle consisting of two microtubule units (Centrioles) that divides and migrates
to opposite poles of the cell to form the mitotic spindle for chromosome movement.
What is the function of flagella?
Serves the purpose of locomotion and sensing the environment.
What is the role of motile cilia?
Found in the trachea, they sweep mucus and dirt out of the lungs and help move the
ovum in the fallopian tubes.
What are non-motile cilia and their function?
Found in nearly every cell, they act as antennas for chemical sensation,
communication, and cell growth.
What are intermediate filaments and their primary function?
Diverse keratin proteins coiled together; they maintain cell shape and anchor the
nucleus and other organelles.
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
Intracellular vesicle transport, communication, maintaining cellular morphology,
triggering immune responses, and converting chemical energy in ATP to mechanical
work.
3|Page
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS| CURRENTLY TESTING
VERSION | ALREADY GRADED
A+|NEWEST|EXPERT VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS 2026/2027| RUSH
UNIVERSITY
What is endocytosis?
A process that internalizes extracellular macromolecules for degradation or recycling
back to the plasma membrane.
What are the three forms of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis (fluid particles), phagocytosis (solid particles), and receptor-mediated
endocytosis (specific binding to receptors).
What is the function of lysosomes?
They act as the cell's recycling center, digesting materials from phagocytosis,
autophagy, and endocytosis.
What is the difference between autophagy and phagocytosis?
Autophagy involves the digestion of internal organelles, while phagocytosis involves the
uptake of external particles.
What is exocytosis?
An ATP-dependent process that releases materials from the cell, opposite to
endocytosis.
What are peroxisomes involved in?
1|Page
,Oxidation of long fatty acids, protection from hydrogen peroxide, and biosynthesis of
plasmalogens.
What are microtubules, and what is their function?
Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton that provide structural support and facilitate
intracellular transport.
What are intermediate filaments, and what is their role?
Intermediate filaments provide mechanical support to cells and help maintain their
shape.
What are microfilaments, and what do they do?
Microfilaments are involved in cell movement and shape changes, playing a key role in
muscle contraction.
How do transport vesicles function in the cell?
They carry proteins and lipids from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and then to the cell
membrane.
What is the role of ATP synthase in mitochondria?
It synthesizes ATP from ADP using the energy from the proton gradient created by the
electron transport chain.
What is the significance of mitochondrial DNA?
It is involved in ATP biosynthesis and is inherited maternally.
What is the function of sorting endosomes?
They sort endocytosed particles to be sent to lysosomes or recycling endosomes.
What happens to exosomes during exocytosis?
They fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular
environment.
What is the cytoskeleton?
2|Page
, A vast network of protein-based fibers extending throughout the cell.
What are microfilaments made of and what is their purpose?
Twisted pairs of contractile actin protein polymers; they maintain cellular morphology,
cause movement through contraction, and move organelles intracellularly.
What are microtubules composed of and what functions do they serve?
Alpha and beta tubulin protein polymers; they maintain cell shape, move organelles,
and provide paths for intracellular transport.
What is the centrosome and its role during mitosis?
An organelle consisting of two microtubule units (Centrioles) that divides and migrates
to opposite poles of the cell to form the mitotic spindle for chromosome movement.
What is the function of flagella?
Serves the purpose of locomotion and sensing the environment.
What is the role of motile cilia?
Found in the trachea, they sweep mucus and dirt out of the lungs and help move the
ovum in the fallopian tubes.
What are non-motile cilia and their function?
Found in nearly every cell, they act as antennas for chemical sensation,
communication, and cell growth.
What are intermediate filaments and their primary function?
Diverse keratin proteins coiled together; they maintain cell shape and anchor the
nucleus and other organelles.
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
Intracellular vesicle transport, communication, maintaining cellular morphology,
triggering immune responses, and converting chemical energy in ATP to mechanical
work.
3|Page
