DIGITAL ARCHAEOLOGY CHAPTER 21
PRACTICE TEST 2026 FULL SOLUTIONS
REVIEW PACK
◉ Archaeological theories:
Answer: -Explain and describe the past
-Provide a broad explanatory framework for material evidence
-Are based on existing evidence and research
◉ Archaeology applies scientific methods and theories to the
material remains of past cultures to understand human behavior
(T/F)
Answer: TRUE
◉ 4 Goals of Archaeology
Answer: -Discover evidence of humans past
-Reconstruct cultural history
-Reconstruct past lives and societies
-Explain changes in past societies
◉ Artifacts
Answer: Anything made, modified or used by humans
,◉ Type of Artifact: Cultural Items
Answer: Portable Objects (arrow points)
◉ Type of Artifact: Features
Answer: Larger objects that can't be carried back to a lab (buildings,
stone walls,etc)
◉ Type of Artifact: Ecofact
Answer: Plant and animal remains
◉ Type of Artifact: Human Remains
Answer: Skeletons of past people
◉ Cultural Evolution
Answer: Major changes in human society over the deep time of the
ancient past. Changes that led from bands to states.
◉ The archaeological remains of bands and tribes are more difficult
to find than chiefdoms or states (T/F)
Answer: TRUE
,◉ Cultural Evolution is progress (T/F)
Answer: FALSE.
-People had to work harder
-People lost their personal freedom
-People were less health
-There was more poverty, crime, and violence
◉ Why did cultural evolution occur?
Answer: Population growth.
◉ Bands
Answer: Less complex society of hunters and gatherers. Around 20-
30 people.
◉ Tribes
Answer: Similar to bands, but get most of their food from farming.
Can live year round in a single settlement. Little complexity. Up to
100 people.
◉ Chiefdom
Answer: Tribes that have grown larger and more complicated.
Bigger than tribal villages. Include leaders. 5,000-20,000 people.
, ◉ State
Answer: A lot larger than chiefdoms. Complex societies with
concentrated political power. Include kings and social classes.
20,000+ people.
◉ Research Goal (Site)
Answer: -Scientist has basic research questions
-Scientist may have hypothesis to test
◉ Conservation Goal (Site)
Answer: Area may be in danger from development or construction
-Discover sites to understand potential damage of proposed work
◉ Finding archaeological sites with a conservation goal in mind is
called:
Answer: Contract Archaeology
◉ Goals of Excavation
Answer: -Reveal 3 dimensional patterning or physical structure in
the deposition of artifacts, ecofacts, and features
-Assess the temporal and functional significance of this patterning
◉ Reconnaissance
PRACTICE TEST 2026 FULL SOLUTIONS
REVIEW PACK
◉ Archaeological theories:
Answer: -Explain and describe the past
-Provide a broad explanatory framework for material evidence
-Are based on existing evidence and research
◉ Archaeology applies scientific methods and theories to the
material remains of past cultures to understand human behavior
(T/F)
Answer: TRUE
◉ 4 Goals of Archaeology
Answer: -Discover evidence of humans past
-Reconstruct cultural history
-Reconstruct past lives and societies
-Explain changes in past societies
◉ Artifacts
Answer: Anything made, modified or used by humans
,◉ Type of Artifact: Cultural Items
Answer: Portable Objects (arrow points)
◉ Type of Artifact: Features
Answer: Larger objects that can't be carried back to a lab (buildings,
stone walls,etc)
◉ Type of Artifact: Ecofact
Answer: Plant and animal remains
◉ Type of Artifact: Human Remains
Answer: Skeletons of past people
◉ Cultural Evolution
Answer: Major changes in human society over the deep time of the
ancient past. Changes that led from bands to states.
◉ The archaeological remains of bands and tribes are more difficult
to find than chiefdoms or states (T/F)
Answer: TRUE
,◉ Cultural Evolution is progress (T/F)
Answer: FALSE.
-People had to work harder
-People lost their personal freedom
-People were less health
-There was more poverty, crime, and violence
◉ Why did cultural evolution occur?
Answer: Population growth.
◉ Bands
Answer: Less complex society of hunters and gatherers. Around 20-
30 people.
◉ Tribes
Answer: Similar to bands, but get most of their food from farming.
Can live year round in a single settlement. Little complexity. Up to
100 people.
◉ Chiefdom
Answer: Tribes that have grown larger and more complicated.
Bigger than tribal villages. Include leaders. 5,000-20,000 people.
, ◉ State
Answer: A lot larger than chiefdoms. Complex societies with
concentrated political power. Include kings and social classes.
20,000+ people.
◉ Research Goal (Site)
Answer: -Scientist has basic research questions
-Scientist may have hypothesis to test
◉ Conservation Goal (Site)
Answer: Area may be in danger from development or construction
-Discover sites to understand potential damage of proposed work
◉ Finding archaeological sites with a conservation goal in mind is
called:
Answer: Contract Archaeology
◉ Goals of Excavation
Answer: -Reveal 3 dimensional patterning or physical structure in
the deposition of artifacts, ecofacts, and features
-Assess the temporal and functional significance of this patterning
◉ Reconnaissance
