DIGITAL ARCHAEOLOGY CHAPTER 21 FINAL
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
ANSWERS PREMIUM STUDY GUIDE
◉ What are the key points regarding evaluation in public
archaeology?
Answer: Key points include the need for consistent evaluation
methods, the importance of reflecting participant values, and the
challenges posed by funding pressures that may prioritize metrics
over community needs.
◉ What are the main sectors of archaeology in the USA?
Answer: The main sectors include Cultural Resource Management
(CRM), academia, museums, and community organizations. Each
sector has different priorities and approaches to public engagement.
◉ What is the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) in the UK?
Answer: The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) is a primary public-facing
funder in the UK that supports archaeological projects and requires
evaluation to ensure accountability and effectiveness.
◉ What are the typical metrics used in digital public archaeology?
,Answer: Typical metrics include website hits, social media followers,
demographic data, and anecdotal feedback. These metrics help
assess engagement and outreach effectiveness.
◉ What are the risks associated with neoliberal agendas in public
archaeology?
Answer: Risks include reducing community projects to mere
metrics-serving activities, which may undermine the genuine
engagement and values of participant communities.
◉ What is the purpose of mixed-method approaches in evaluation?
Answer: Mixed-method approaches combine quantitative metrics
with qualitative assessments to provide a comprehensive
understanding of participant experiences and project outcomes.
◉ What is Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation?
Answer: Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation is a framework
that categorizes levels of public involvement in decision-making,
ranging from tokenism to full citizen control.
◉ What is the intent-based framework for community projects?
Answer: The intent-based framework, proposed by Guilfoyle & Hogg,
is a classification tool that helps identify the goals and intentions
behind community archaeology projects, guiding ethical and
effective practices.
, ◉ What are mixed-method approaches?
Answer: Combining metrics with participant-centered assessments
of learning and well-being.
◉ What is digital UX evaluation?
Answer: Pre- and post-project assessments to understand user
behavior.
◉ What are the main funders influencing practice in the USA?
Answer: NSF, NEH, Wenner-Gren, which have limited public-
evaluation requirements.
◉ What are the dominant archaeology contexts in the USA?
Answer: Cultural Resource Management (CRM), academia,
museums, and community organizations.
◉ What are the dominant archaeology contexts in the UK?
Answer: Developer-led commercial archaeology, universities, and
Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF)-funded projects.
◉ How is evaluation availability in the USA?
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
ANSWERS PREMIUM STUDY GUIDE
◉ What are the key points regarding evaluation in public
archaeology?
Answer: Key points include the need for consistent evaluation
methods, the importance of reflecting participant values, and the
challenges posed by funding pressures that may prioritize metrics
over community needs.
◉ What are the main sectors of archaeology in the USA?
Answer: The main sectors include Cultural Resource Management
(CRM), academia, museums, and community organizations. Each
sector has different priorities and approaches to public engagement.
◉ What is the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) in the UK?
Answer: The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) is a primary public-facing
funder in the UK that supports archaeological projects and requires
evaluation to ensure accountability and effectiveness.
◉ What are the typical metrics used in digital public archaeology?
,Answer: Typical metrics include website hits, social media followers,
demographic data, and anecdotal feedback. These metrics help
assess engagement and outreach effectiveness.
◉ What are the risks associated with neoliberal agendas in public
archaeology?
Answer: Risks include reducing community projects to mere
metrics-serving activities, which may undermine the genuine
engagement and values of participant communities.
◉ What is the purpose of mixed-method approaches in evaluation?
Answer: Mixed-method approaches combine quantitative metrics
with qualitative assessments to provide a comprehensive
understanding of participant experiences and project outcomes.
◉ What is Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation?
Answer: Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation is a framework
that categorizes levels of public involvement in decision-making,
ranging from tokenism to full citizen control.
◉ What is the intent-based framework for community projects?
Answer: The intent-based framework, proposed by Guilfoyle & Hogg,
is a classification tool that helps identify the goals and intentions
behind community archaeology projects, guiding ethical and
effective practices.
, ◉ What are mixed-method approaches?
Answer: Combining metrics with participant-centered assessments
of learning and well-being.
◉ What is digital UX evaluation?
Answer: Pre- and post-project assessments to understand user
behavior.
◉ What are the main funders influencing practice in the USA?
Answer: NSF, NEH, Wenner-Gren, which have limited public-
evaluation requirements.
◉ What are the dominant archaeology contexts in the USA?
Answer: Cultural Resource Management (CRM), academia,
museums, and community organizations.
◉ What are the dominant archaeology contexts in the UK?
Answer: Developer-led commercial archaeology, universities, and
Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF)-funded projects.
◉ How is evaluation availability in the USA?
