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Questions 1-200: BIO 201 Exam 4 – Anatomy & Physiology
I Advanced/Hard Level | College Students | 100% Pass
Guaranteed | Graded A+
1. In multiple sclerosis, the cells that are the target of an autoimmune attack are the
_________.
A. Neurons
B. Muscle cells
C. Schwann cells
D. Oligodendrocytes
☑ Correct Answer: D
☑ Explanation: Oligodendrocytes are the glial cells responsible for producing the myelin
sheath in the central nervous system (CNS). In multiple sclerosis, the immune system mistakenly
attacks these cells, leading to demyelination and impaired nerve conduction. Schwann cells
produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), not the CNS.
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2. Which mechanism allows the rabies virus to gain access to the central nervous system
(CNS)?
A. Rabies virus moves through the blood vessels to the CNS
B. The rabies virus uses retrograde movement along the neuronal axon
C. The rabies virus uses anterograde movement along the neuronal axon
D. The rabies virus enters Schwann cells and uses saltatory movement
☑ Correct Answer: B
☑ Explanation: The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that enters the peripheral nervous
system at the site of infection and travels toward the CNS via retrograde axonal transport along
the neuronal axon. This allows it to bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain.
3. A patient presents with muscle weakness, loss of coordination, and visual disturbances.
MRI reveals demyelinating lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Which cell type is primarily
affected in this condition?
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
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C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal cells
☑ Correct Answer: C
☑ Explanation: The patient's symptoms and MRI findings are characteristic of multiple
sclerosis, an autoimmune demyelinating disease. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-producing
cells in the CNS, and their destruction leads to impaired saltatory conduction, resulting in the
neurological deficits described.
4. Damage to ependymal cells would most directly result in which of the following?
A. Accumulation of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft
B. Stagnation of cerebrospinal fluid
C. Loss of the blood-brain barrier integrity
D. Impaired phagocytosis of pathogens
☑ Correct Answer: B
☑ Explanation: Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of
the spinal cord, and they are responsible for producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Damage to these cells would impair CSF flow and circulation, potentially leading to
hydrocephalus.
5. Which glial cell type is responsible for phagocytosing pathogens and cellular debris in the
CNS?
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Microglia
D. Schwann cells
☑ Correct Answer: C
☑ Explanation: Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS and function as
macrophages, engulfing pathogens, dead cells, and debris through phagocytosis. Astrocytes
provide structural and metabolic support; oligodendrocytes produce myelin; Schwann cells are
found in the PNS.
Questions 1-200: BIO 201 Exam 4 – Anatomy & Physiology
I Advanced/Hard Level | College Students | 100% Pass
Guaranteed | Graded A+
1. In multiple sclerosis, the cells that are the target of an autoimmune attack are the
_________.
A. Neurons
B. Muscle cells
C. Schwann cells
D. Oligodendrocytes
☑ Correct Answer: D
☑ Explanation: Oligodendrocytes are the glial cells responsible for producing the myelin
sheath in the central nervous system (CNS). In multiple sclerosis, the immune system mistakenly
attacks these cells, leading to demyelination and impaired nerve conduction. Schwann cells
produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), not the CNS.
, 2
2. Which mechanism allows the rabies virus to gain access to the central nervous system
(CNS)?
A. Rabies virus moves through the blood vessels to the CNS
B. The rabies virus uses retrograde movement along the neuronal axon
C. The rabies virus uses anterograde movement along the neuronal axon
D. The rabies virus enters Schwann cells and uses saltatory movement
☑ Correct Answer: B
☑ Explanation: The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that enters the peripheral nervous
system at the site of infection and travels toward the CNS via retrograde axonal transport along
the neuronal axon. This allows it to bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain.
3. A patient presents with muscle weakness, loss of coordination, and visual disturbances.
MRI reveals demyelinating lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Which cell type is primarily
affected in this condition?
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
, 3
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal cells
☑ Correct Answer: C
☑ Explanation: The patient's symptoms and MRI findings are characteristic of multiple
sclerosis, an autoimmune demyelinating disease. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-producing
cells in the CNS, and their destruction leads to impaired saltatory conduction, resulting in the
neurological deficits described.
4. Damage to ependymal cells would most directly result in which of the following?
A. Accumulation of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft
B. Stagnation of cerebrospinal fluid
C. Loss of the blood-brain barrier integrity
D. Impaired phagocytosis of pathogens
☑ Correct Answer: B
☑ Explanation: Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of
the spinal cord, and they are responsible for producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
, 4
Damage to these cells would impair CSF flow and circulation, potentially leading to
hydrocephalus.
5. Which glial cell type is responsible for phagocytosing pathogens and cellular debris in the
CNS?
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Microglia
D. Schwann cells
☑ Correct Answer: C
☑ Explanation: Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS and function as
macrophages, engulfing pathogens, dead cells, and debris through phagocytosis. Astrocytes
provide structural and metabolic support; oligodendrocytes produce myelin; Schwann cells are
found in the PNS.
