DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 AND DKA UNFOLDING REASONING PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CLINICAL RATIONALE GUIDE 2026

DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 AND DKA
UNFOLDING REASONING PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CLINICAL RATIONALE GUIDE
2026

◉ criteria for diabetes diagnosis. Answer: Normal:
-fasting plasma glucose: <100 mg/dL
-OGTT (2 hours post glucose challenge): <140 mg/dL
-hemoglobin A1C: <5.7%
-random plasma glucose: <140


Pre-diabetes:
-fasting plasma glucose: 100-125 mg/dL
-OGTT (2 hours post glucose challenge): 140-199 mg/dL
-hemoglobin A1C: 5.7-6.4%
-random plasma glucose: nothing listed


Diabetes:
-fasting plasma glucose: >126 mg/dL
-OGTT (2 hours post glucose challenge): >200 mg/dL
-hemoglobin A1C: > 6.5%

, -random plasma glucose: >200 mg/dL with 3 P's


◉ A1C into EAG (estimated average glucose). Answer: -Hga1c
reflects the percentage of hemoglobin molecules that have glucose
irreversibly attached, giving us an average of blood glucose levels
over the previous two to three months based on the 120 day lifespan
of red blood cells
-can convert a1c to an estimated average glucose to help people
better understand their control in the same units as the daily
fingerstick readings
-an a1c of greater than 6.5% is diagnostic of diabetes when
confirmed - higher values correlate with increased risk of
microvascular complications


Hga1c guidelines:
-A1C goal type 2 adults: <7%
-A1c goal type 1 pediatric: <7.5% -to reduce hypoglycemia risk


◉ monitoring labs. Answer: -need to know


Self blood glucose monitoring 1- 4 - 8x / day:
-FSBS goal euglycemic = 80 - 120 mg/dl