BCHS 3304 Exam 4 || Acknowledged Answers 100%.
Carbohydrate formula correct answers (CH2O)n, where n=3 or greater
Monosaccharides correct answers Single saccharides
Oligosaccharides correct answers A few linked monosaccharides (often associated with
glycoprotein or glycolipids).
Polysaccharides correct answers Consisted of many saccharides (cellulose or glycogen)
D-aldoses correct answers Ribose, glucose, mannose, and galactose
Epimers correct answers A subtype of diastereomers that differ in absolute configuration at
exactly one chiral carbon
Carbohydrates are classified as to the nature of the carbonyl group correct answers Ketose =
ketone
Aldose = aldehyde
Number of stereoisomer of ketoses correct answers 2^(n-3)
Example of ketose correct answers Fructose
Monosaccharides can form ____ correct answers ring structure
Haworth projection correct answers A method for depicting cyclic sugars as planar rings with -
OH groups sticking up or down from the plane of the sugar
,Alpha sugar correct answers OH down
Beta sugar correct answers OH up
Sugar conformation correct answers Chair conformation is favored as boat conformation causes
steric crowding
5 ways that sugar can be modified correct answers 1. Oxidation of an aldose aldehyde to a
carboxlylic acid leads to an aldonic acid.
2. Oxidation of the primary alcohol of aldoses leads to uronic acid. Glucose can form these two.
3. Aldoses and ketoses can be reduced under mild conditions to yield polyhydroxy alcohols
know as alditols.
4. Monosaccharides can have an OH group replaced by an H deoxysugars.
5. Amino sugars are where one or more OH groups are replaced with an amino group sometimes
acetylated.
Glycosidic bonds correct answers Bond between two monosaccharides. Can be in alpha or beta
configuration and can be linked through 1-2, 1-4, or 1-6 linkage.
Disaccharide correct answers A double of sugar. Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose
Sucrose correct answers glucose + fructose
Lactose correct answers glucose + galactose
Maltose correct answers glucose + glucose
, Glycosidic bonds attach ____ correct answers sugars to themselves or nucleotides as seen for the
dinucleotide below (N-glycosidic bonds). These binds hydrolyze very slowly.
Cellulose correct answers Beta(1 →4) between glucose molecules
a-Amylose correct answers a(1→4) linkage of glucose - it is much different and can be digested
while cellulose can not be digested.
Amylopectin correct answers contains some a(1→6) linkages
Modified sugars correct answers make up a vast variety of structural elements in bacteria, plants,
insects, mollusks and crustaceans. The exoskeleton of insects are made up of chitin.
Biofilm correct answers made of extra cellular matrix that coats the surface of bacteria and what
it attaches to. These are highly hydrated polysaccharides.
Problem causes by biofilm correct answers create barrier to antibiotic and can cause big
problems in medical devices, oil or water pipes.
Proteoglycan correct answers contain proteins and glycosaminoglycans that look like a bottle
brush with a core protein and both O-linked and N-linked oligosaccharides.
Peptidoglycan correct answers A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of
bacteria rigid. Each bacteria will have a different amino acid. The D amino acids prevents
proteases from digesting the cell wall.
Eukaryotic glycoproteins correct answers have either N-linked or O-linked oligosaccharides. The
N-linked oligosaccharides have a pentasaccharide core that repeats
Carbohydrate formula correct answers (CH2O)n, where n=3 or greater
Monosaccharides correct answers Single saccharides
Oligosaccharides correct answers A few linked monosaccharides (often associated with
glycoprotein or glycolipids).
Polysaccharides correct answers Consisted of many saccharides (cellulose or glycogen)
D-aldoses correct answers Ribose, glucose, mannose, and galactose
Epimers correct answers A subtype of diastereomers that differ in absolute configuration at
exactly one chiral carbon
Carbohydrates are classified as to the nature of the carbonyl group correct answers Ketose =
ketone
Aldose = aldehyde
Number of stereoisomer of ketoses correct answers 2^(n-3)
Example of ketose correct answers Fructose
Monosaccharides can form ____ correct answers ring structure
Haworth projection correct answers A method for depicting cyclic sugars as planar rings with -
OH groups sticking up or down from the plane of the sugar
,Alpha sugar correct answers OH down
Beta sugar correct answers OH up
Sugar conformation correct answers Chair conformation is favored as boat conformation causes
steric crowding
5 ways that sugar can be modified correct answers 1. Oxidation of an aldose aldehyde to a
carboxlylic acid leads to an aldonic acid.
2. Oxidation of the primary alcohol of aldoses leads to uronic acid. Glucose can form these two.
3. Aldoses and ketoses can be reduced under mild conditions to yield polyhydroxy alcohols
know as alditols.
4. Monosaccharides can have an OH group replaced by an H deoxysugars.
5. Amino sugars are where one or more OH groups are replaced with an amino group sometimes
acetylated.
Glycosidic bonds correct answers Bond between two monosaccharides. Can be in alpha or beta
configuration and can be linked through 1-2, 1-4, or 1-6 linkage.
Disaccharide correct answers A double of sugar. Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose
Sucrose correct answers glucose + fructose
Lactose correct answers glucose + galactose
Maltose correct answers glucose + glucose
, Glycosidic bonds attach ____ correct answers sugars to themselves or nucleotides as seen for the
dinucleotide below (N-glycosidic bonds). These binds hydrolyze very slowly.
Cellulose correct answers Beta(1 →4) between glucose molecules
a-Amylose correct answers a(1→4) linkage of glucose - it is much different and can be digested
while cellulose can not be digested.
Amylopectin correct answers contains some a(1→6) linkages
Modified sugars correct answers make up a vast variety of structural elements in bacteria, plants,
insects, mollusks and crustaceans. The exoskeleton of insects are made up of chitin.
Biofilm correct answers made of extra cellular matrix that coats the surface of bacteria and what
it attaches to. These are highly hydrated polysaccharides.
Problem causes by biofilm correct answers create barrier to antibiotic and can cause big
problems in medical devices, oil or water pipes.
Proteoglycan correct answers contain proteins and glycosaminoglycans that look like a bottle
brush with a core protein and both O-linked and N-linked oligosaccharides.
Peptidoglycan correct answers A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of
bacteria rigid. Each bacteria will have a different amino acid. The D amino acids prevents
proteases from digesting the cell wall.
Eukaryotic glycoproteins correct answers have either N-linked or O-linked oligosaccharides. The
N-linked oligosaccharides have a pentasaccharide core that repeats
