ISS MIDTERM 1 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
2026
◉ Counterrevolution.
Answer: A Revolution that opposes a former one and reverses its
results
◉ Relative Deprevation.
Answer: The perception of a gap between your expectations and
your ability to satisfy them. The sense that existing conditions and
your position within them are not what they should be
◉ Unstable Equillibrium.
Answer: (e.g. A small nudge sends the grape away from the
equilibrium point)
- Rulers are weak and erratic
- Elites are discontent
- Hard to recognize at the time, easier in retrospect
-At the time it usually comes to a shock to everybody
◉ 5 Revolutionary Factors.
Answer: 1. Mass frustrations
,2. Elite discontent
3. Unifying motivations
4. State crisis (arose from crises by war/decolonization)
5. Permissive international relations
◉ Constitutional Revolution.
Answer: e.g. the American Revolution
◉ Communist Revolution.
Answer: A kind of revolution thought of by Marx and Engels were
the Proletariat (working class) would overthrow the Bourgeois
(wealthy) in industrial areas
◉ Anti-colonial Revolution.
Answer: a revolution opposed to any type of colonialism or
imperialism (e.g the American Revolution and the Haitian
Revolution)
◉ Liberalism.
Answer: Liberty for the individual
- Parliaments were made to govern for the people
- Value markets and individually owned property
- State is a threat for individual liberty
, ◉ Socialism.
Answer: Justice for the oppressed class
-Opposed liberalism
-Thought that liberalism was restricted because of - economic
inequality
- Valued economic equality even if it meant
- restricting markets
- Looked toward the abolition of private property
- State was a potential way to ensure equality
◉ Conservatism.
Answer: Conserve the old
- Came later and wanted to stop the changes that - liberalism and
socialism were making
- Couldn't exist before them because the old way of doing things
needs to first be challenged
◉ State.
Answer: Sovereignty; territoriality, centerialization
- Try to assert their authority by using force in their territory
- Military and Police Force
2026
◉ Counterrevolution.
Answer: A Revolution that opposes a former one and reverses its
results
◉ Relative Deprevation.
Answer: The perception of a gap between your expectations and
your ability to satisfy them. The sense that existing conditions and
your position within them are not what they should be
◉ Unstable Equillibrium.
Answer: (e.g. A small nudge sends the grape away from the
equilibrium point)
- Rulers are weak and erratic
- Elites are discontent
- Hard to recognize at the time, easier in retrospect
-At the time it usually comes to a shock to everybody
◉ 5 Revolutionary Factors.
Answer: 1. Mass frustrations
,2. Elite discontent
3. Unifying motivations
4. State crisis (arose from crises by war/decolonization)
5. Permissive international relations
◉ Constitutional Revolution.
Answer: e.g. the American Revolution
◉ Communist Revolution.
Answer: A kind of revolution thought of by Marx and Engels were
the Proletariat (working class) would overthrow the Bourgeois
(wealthy) in industrial areas
◉ Anti-colonial Revolution.
Answer: a revolution opposed to any type of colonialism or
imperialism (e.g the American Revolution and the Haitian
Revolution)
◉ Liberalism.
Answer: Liberty for the individual
- Parliaments were made to govern for the people
- Value markets and individually owned property
- State is a threat for individual liberty
, ◉ Socialism.
Answer: Justice for the oppressed class
-Opposed liberalism
-Thought that liberalism was restricted because of - economic
inequality
- Valued economic equality even if it meant
- restricting markets
- Looked toward the abolition of private property
- State was a potential way to ensure equality
◉ Conservatism.
Answer: Conserve the old
- Came later and wanted to stop the changes that - liberalism and
socialism were making
- Couldn't exist before them because the old way of doing things
needs to first be challenged
◉ State.
Answer: Sovereignty; territoriality, centerialization
- Try to assert their authority by using force in their territory
- Military and Police Force
